The present results showed that cholangiocarcinomas occurred at a high incidence in relatively young workers of a printing company, who were exposed to chemicals including chlorinated organic solvents.

Super-elderly HCC patients who are appropriately evaluated and selected might have a favorable prognosis after undergoing hepatic resection.

Most of these patients with occupational cholangiocarcinoma exhibited typical findings, including high serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, regional dilatation of the bile ducts, and precancerous lesions, similar to findings previously reported in 17 occupational cholangiocarcinoma patients in Osaka.

NASH is a possible risk factor for ICC development. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:779-783. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

These results suggest that on first HCC recurrence, a curative treatment should be considered in order to prevent a second recurrence if possible. In addition, IFN therapy contributes to improved prognosis after curative treatment, even in patients with recurrent HCC.