Treatment of the thioethers (RNH-o-C 6 H 4 ) 2 S (H 2 [R 2 NSN]; R ) Xy, Xyf; Xy ) 3,5-Me 2 C 6 H 3 , Xyf ) 3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 ) with 2 equiv of n-BuLi followed by addition of 0.5 equiv of [(η 6 -C 6 H 6 )-RuCl 2 ] 2 in THF gave the bis(diarylamido)/thioether complexes [(η 6 -C 6 H 6 )Ru[R 2 NSN]] (R ) Xy (1a), R ) Xyf (1b)) in moderate yields. In the presence of 1a (1 mol %) and PCy 3 (2 mol %; Cy ) cyclohexyl), benzonitrile was catalytically hydrogenated to give benzylamine (72%) and benzylidenebenzylamine (27%) at 80 °C and 30 atm, while the hydrogenation with 1b as a catalyst precursor resulted in the formation of benzylamine (37%) and benzylidenebenzylamine (51%) under the same reaction conditions. The yield of benzylamine was improved up to 92% by using a catalyst mixture of 1a (1 mol %)/PCy 3 (2 mol %)/t-BuONa (10 mol %). On the other hand, the reaction of 1a with excess PMe 3 afforded the tris(trimethylphosphine) derivative [(PMe 3 ) 3 Ru[Xy 2 NSN]] (2). Treatment of 2 with excess PhCN, MeCN, or N 2 H 4 ‚ H 2 O resulted in the replacement of a PMe 3 ligand by these substrates to give [(PMe 3 ) 2 LRu-[Xy 2 NSN]] (3, L ) PhCN; 4, L ) MeCN; 5, L ) N 2 H 4 ), while the reaction of 2 with benzoylhydrazine gave the κ 2 -benzoylhydrazido complex [(PMe 3 ) 2 Ru(κ 2 -(O,N)-PhC(O)d NNH 2 )(H[Xy 2 NSN])] (6). Structures of 1a, 1b, 2, 5, and 6 have been determined by X-ray crystallography.

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The production of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is suggested to be critical for the successful implantation of blastocysts into decidua, because LIF expression is essential for the implantation of mouse blastocytes. We investigated the regulation of LIF production by decidual cytokines and steroid hormones. Stimulation of decidual cells by interleukin-1, tumor necrosisfactor Co, or transforming growth factor 1B augmented LIF production in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, estradiol, a steroid hormone that increases during ovulation and early pregnancy, also enhanced LIF production in a dose-dependent manner. These responses were blocked by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor but not by other kinase inhibitors, suggesting an important role of PKC in decidual LIF production mediated by cytokines and estradiol. We also showed that stimulating decidual cells with LIF failed to stimulate DNA synthesis and prolactin production in these cells.In summary, LIF was mainly localized in the decidual glands and stroma, and its production was increased by cytokines and estradiol in a dose-dependent fashion; but stimulation of decidual cells by LIF did not influence their proliferation or their prolactin production. control 10-8M 10-7 M 10-6 M control 10-8 M 10-6 M J J J I J f

Measurement of maternal IL-8 is useful for rapid prenatal screening of histological chorioamnionitis at term.

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