This article focuses on paradiplomatic management in Aceh, Indonesia, and Catalonia, Spain, as a comparative study. The two different regions have at least two similar characteristics: both are recognised by central government as widely autonomous provinces compared to other provinces, and both obtained the wider autonomy in the same period, 2006; they also have same problems with revolutionary groups that attempt to withdraw from central government. This qualitative research aims to examine paradiplomatic management in both local governments. The main objective is to identify similarities and differences in paradiplomatic patterns and to scrutinise paradiplomatic activism pertaining to the instrument of political movements in both regions. The findings confirm that patterns of paradiplomacy management are typically similar, and influenced by the dynamic of local political movements, and that paradiplomatic activism is an instrument in political movements. It is argued that paradiplomatic management by secessionist regions performs the same pattern both in federal and unitary systems, and is reflected in the changes of regional laws on paradiplomatic affairs.
This analysis focuses on the paradiplomatic policies in Indonesia and Korea. The two countries have similar characteristics, namely as unitary state systems, and enacted regional autonomy in the same era, 1998s. This qualitative research aims to examine paradiplomatic types in both countries and why the policies are rationalized. The findings revealed that although both countries are unitary states, paradiplomatic activism runs in different types. Provinces and cities in Indonesia face many restrictions and limitations by national regulations, while regional governments in Korea have more discretions and authorities to practice paradiplomacy around the world. The research finding also portrayed several provinces in Indonesia instrumentalizing paradiplomacy as instruments to provide international recognitions related to self-determination, and this similar fact is not met in Korea. This paper argues that the different types of paradiplomatic policies in both countries are influenced by domestic political conditions and typically influenced by the presence or absence of regional movements.
Pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda tanah air selama hampir satu tahun telah meluluhlantakkan berbagai sektor bisnis di tanah air. Himbauan untuk berdiam diri dirumah sebagai upaya mencegah mata rantai penyebaran virus, berdampak pada ketidakstabilan ekonomi dan salah satu yang terdampak adalah UMKM. Karna COVID-19 ini banyak para pekerja baik di pabrik, perusahaan, atau lainnya terkena PHK (Pemutus Hubungan Kerja) yang mengakibatkan terganggunya pemasukan sedangkan pengeluaran kian meningkat. Selain para pekerja, para pebisnis yang memiliki usaha sendiri atau UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah) juga mengalami dampak yang luar biasa, salah satunya ialah dengan berkurangnya pelanggan atau konsumen dikarenakan wajib social distancing atau jaga jarak. Oleh karena itu, Program Pengabdian Masyarakat dengan Skema KKN-PPM Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta dalam kerangka Pemberdayaan Komunitas berbasis Teknologi Informasi (IT), mengambil tema besar “Optimalisasi Media Sosial Sebagai Media Marketing Di Desa Kentholan Lor RT 04, Kelurahan Guwosari, Kecamatan Pajangan, Bantul”. Program Pengabdian Masyarakat Dosen yang menggandeng Mahasiswa KKN Reguler IT Kelompok 099, menjadikan Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Guwosari, Kentholan Lor, Kecamatan Pajangan, Bantul sebagai mitra. Tim telah melakukan survey dan analisa mengenai permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh UMKM dan ormas KWT (Kelompok Wanita Tani) disana yang akhirnya dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa permalahan inti dari semua adalah pemasaran yang berakibat menurunnya omzet penjualan sehingga arus kas terganggu. Dalam hal ini, Tim telah membuat rencana-rencana kegiatan yang akan dijalankan di Desa Kentholan Lor ini yaitu sosialisasi mengenai COVID-19 dan pembuatan serta pemanfaatan media sosial, workshop multimedia, serta peningkatan brand identity. Dari program-program tersebut diharapkan dapat terjamin produk mereka yang steril, masing-masing memiliki akun media sosial sebagai lahan untuk menyebarkan produk mereka dengan desain yang menarik pelanggan, bisa meningkatkan skill mereka dalam menggunakan multimedia, dan memiliki brand sendiri untuk produk mereka.
Understanding world history will lead to understand world life today. World politics or international relations experiences many periodical momentums along the centuries, from barbarian to institutionalized system in Westphalia Treaty, with a lot of historical facts such as colonialism, world wars and cold war. The further period is from Westphalian system to post Westphalian system, where international societies have changed dramatically. This article will explore the new world system nowadays, and the responds of local actors in transnational relations. Keyword: Westphalia, Worldpolitics, transnational, paradiplomacy AbstrakMemahami sejarah dunia akan menuntun pada pemahaman kehidupan dunia sekarang, Politik dunia atau hubungan internasional mengalami banyak momentum sepanjang abad, dari sistem barbar hingga sistem yang dilembagakan di perjanjian Westphalia dengan fakta-fakta sejarah seperti kolonialisme, perang dunia dan perang dingin. Periode selanjutnya adalah dari sistem Westphalia ke sistem Westphalian dimana masyarakat internasional berubah dengan dramatis. Tulisan ini akan membahas sistem baru dunia sekarang dan respon aktor lokal dalam hubungan transnasional.
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