To elucidate oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) types in Japan, HPV genotyping was performed in 1526 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 371 invasive cervical cancer (ICC) patients with the novel Genosearch-31+5 HPV test. The HPV-positive rates were 89.3% and 90.8% in CIN and ICC. Regarding single-type infections, 13 internationally recognized high-risk (13HR) types excluding HPV 35, and probably HR HPV 53, 67, 69, and 70 were identified in ICC, suggesting that all these types may be oncogenic. HPV16 and 18 were identified in both SCC and adenocarcinoma (ADC). HPV HPV52, 31 and 58 (alpha-9) were predominantly detected in SCC, whereas HPV 18, 45, 39 and 59 (alpha-7) were in ADC. The prevalence of HPV 18 in SCC significantly decreased with increasing age of patients, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the other HR types. HPV18 is likely to induce SCC rapidly. All ICC cases aged 20–29 were positive for HPV 16 or 18, suggesting that present HPV 16, 18 vaccines may be quite effective to prevent ICC in young women.

Aims/IntroductionElevation of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), valine, leucine and isoleucine; and the aromatic amino acids, tyrosine and phenylalanine, has been observed in obesity-related insulin resistance. However, there have been few studies on Asians, who are generally less obese and less insulin-resistant than Caucasian or African-Americans. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and plasma amino acid concentration in non-diabetic Japanese participants.Materials and MethodsA total of 94 healthy men and women were enrolled, and plasma amino acid concentration was measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry after overnight fasting. The associations between HOMA-IR and 20 amino acid concentrations, and anthropometric and clinical parameters of lifestyle-related diseases were evaluated.ResultsThe mean age and body mass index were 40.1 ± 9.6 years and 22.7 ± 3.9, respectively. Significantly positive correlations were observed between HOMA-IR and valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and total BCAA concentration. Compared with the HOMA-IR ≤ 1.6 group, the HOMA-IR > 1.6 group showed significantly exacerbated anthropometric and clinical parameters, and significantly elevated levels of valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and BCAA.ConclusionsThe present study shows that the insulin resistance-related change in amino acid profile is also observed in non-diabetic Japanese subjects. These amino acids include BCAAs (valine, isoleucine and leucine) and aromatic amino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine), in agreement with previous studies carried out using different ethnic groups with different degrees of obesity and insulin resistance.

The present findings suggest a direct role of obesity in the generation of a localized oxidative stress and AGE formation, directly responsible for DN.

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