fl uid accumulation in the macula, 2 and possibly other unknown factors. Machemer and Williams 5 reported secondary vitreous changes and traction associated with various retinal vascular diseases. Our case suggested that incomplete PVD may follow extramacular BRVO and have the effect of exaggerating the macular edema. Our results demonstrated that vitrectomy can be effective in reducing macular edema associated with extramacular BRVO.

Obesity is a major health problem throughout the world, and it is increasing both in prevalence and severity. Pharmaceutical approaches developed for the treatment of obesity, despite short-term benefits, often are associated with rebound weight gain after the cessation of drug use and serious side effects deriving from the medication can occur. Resveratrol has been well recognized as an anti-obesity substance for its lipid-lowering function as well as calorierestriction effect. This polyphenol induces hormetic dose responses in a wide range of biological models, affecting numerous endpoints of biomedical and therapeutic significance. From an hormetic standpoint, we will discuss the potential relevance of resveratrol in the management of obesity and related comorbid conditions, emphasizing its ability to control simultaneously various pathological mechanisms associated with obesity.

No abstract

The success of bosentan treatment, along with the extremely high level of ET-1 on pathologic analysis, confirmed our hypothesis regarding the increase in plasma ET-1 level.

No abstract