Background Therapeutic strategies to suppress local recurrence, including lateral lymph node metastasis, are important to improve the curability of rectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to clarify the advantages of robotic-assisted laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection (RALLD), comparing its short-term outcomes with those of laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection (LLLD). There are some retrospective reports comparing RALLD or LLLD and open lateral lymph node dissection (OLLD), but few reports comparing RALLD and LLND to each other. Methods From November 2014 to August 2020, we compared the short-term outcomes in 40 patients who underwent RALLD and 55 patients who underwent LLLD. Results The total operative time was significantly longer in the RALLD group than in the LLLD group (p < 0.001). However, lateral dissection time was not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.661). The postoperative hospital time was shorter in the RALLD group than in the LLLD group (p < 0.048). No significant differences were identified in the rates of postoperative bleeding, incisional surgical site infection (SSI), organ/space SSI, urinary disfunction, urinary infection, or small bowel obstruction between the groups. However, anastomotic leakage was significantly lower in the RALLD group than in the LLLD group (p = 0.031). Conclusions The short-term outcomes of RALLD indicate it is feasible, and RALLD may be a useful modality for lower rectal cancer.

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Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is considered as one of the most malignant types of cancer with rapid metastasis and invasion of the cancer cells, having peritoneal metastasis (PM) as a dominant factor of poor prognosis. Although the prevention of peritoneal dissemination would result in the inhibition of the initial metastatic process and contribute in improving the poor prognosis of the pancreatic cancer, the initial dynamics of PM are still unclear because of the lack of adequate models in studying the morphological and molecular details of pancreatic cancer cells. Materials and methods: The artificial human peritoneal tissue (AHPT) that can be applied in studying for the spatial dynamics of cancer PM in vitro has been established previously. In this study, the initial dynamics of the three pancreatic cell lines, undifferentiated carcinoma MIA PaCa-2, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma Panc-1, and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma BxPC3 on AHPT are examined. Results: In a morphological analysis using light and electron microscopy, MIA PaCa-2 cells spread on the mesothelial layer with disruption of the sheet structure and infiltrated into the stroma-like tissue in AHPT. On the other hand, BxPC3 cells changed shapes from round into flat ones with rapid proliferation and formed sheet structure at the surface of the tissue replacing the mesothelial layer without vertical invasion into the tissue. Panc-1 cells demonstrated the intermediate characteristics of MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC3 on AHPT. These diverse morphological characteristics were verified by the correspondence with the results

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