The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin E supplementation on antioxidant, inflammatory status, and cell viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Eighteen clinically healthy Japanese Black calves were used in this study. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from their venous blood. PBMCs were cultured with vitamin E (vitamin E group) or without vitamin E (control group), and stimulated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As a result, the total antioxidant capacities, which are the reducing power of components from Fe 31 to Fe 21 , in the cell culture supernatant with or without LPS stimulation were significantly higher in the vitamin E group than that in the control group (p,0.05 or p,0.01, respectively). Tumor necrosis factor alpha in the cell culture supernatant with LPS stimulation was significantly lower in the vitamin E group than in the control group (p,0.01). The viability of cells cultured with LPS stimulation was significantly higher in the vitamin E group than in the control group (p,0.05). These results suggested that vitamin E might be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cell viability of PBMCs obtained from calves.

This study aimed to determine the effects of vitamin C supplementation on antioxidant and inflammatory status and cell viability of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from eighteen clinically healthy Japanese Black calves in this study. PBMCs were cultured with vitamin C (vitamin C group) and without vitamin C (control group) and stimulated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As a result, the total antioxidant capacities, which are the reducing power of components from Fe3 + to Fe 2 + , in the cell culture supernatant with or without LPS stimulation were significantly higher in the vitamin C group than those in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the cell culture supernatant with LPS stimulation was significantly higher in the control group than that in the vitamin C group (P < 0.05). The viability of cells cultured with LPS stimulation was significantly higher in the vitamin C group than that in the control group after 72 h of culture (P < 0.05). These results suggested that vitamin C is related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and cell viability of PBMCs obtained from calves.

This study evaluated the effects of vaccination for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni in young Japanese Black calves at an ordinal farm, where respiratory diseases frequently occur at a young age. In total, 105 calves were divided into the vaccination group (n = 52), which received inactivated combined vaccine at 0 and 2 weeks of age, and the control group (n = 53), which received no vaccine. From both groups, eight calves each were randomly selected to determine the antibody titers. And, the incidence of respiratory disease and medical costs (treatment plus vaccination costs) were recorded for each group from birth to 16 weeks of age. In the vaccination group, the antibody titers against P. multocida, M. haemolytica, and H. somni were significantly higher than those in the control group after 8, 12, and 4 weeks of age, respectively (p < 0.05). The incidence of respiratory disease was significantly lower in the vaccination group compared to the control group (p < 0.01), and the medical costs per calf in the vaccination group were 46.4% lower than in the control group. These results might contribute to establishing an effective vaccination program against respiratory diseases in calves at each farm.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin E supplementation on blood oxidative stress biomarker in weaned calves. Thirty clinically healthy 12 weeks of age Japanese Black calves were randomly assigned to two groups: 15 calves received 300IU of vitamin E daily from 12 to 18 weeks of age (VE group), and the other 15 calves did not receive the vitamin E (control group). Blood samples were taken at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 weeks of age. The concentration of serum reactive oxygen metabolites at 20 weeks of age were significantly lower in the VE group than those in the control group. Vitamin E supplementation to weaned calves might affect blood oxidative stress.