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Cu(In,Ga,Al)Se 2 (CIGAS) thin films were investigated as an alternative absorber layer to Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS). CIGAS thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on SiO 2 /Si(100) and glass substrates at 150°C with different Al contents. The compositions of all films were measured by electron probe micro-analyzer. X-ray diffraction studies indicate that all the films are oriented along the [112] direction and that the (112) peak shifts to higher 2h value with increasing Al content. Scanning electron microscopy images show that dense and well-defined grains are formed as Al is incorporated into CIGS. Atomic force microscopy images indicate that the grain sizes and the roughness of the thin films decrease with increasing Al content. The bandgap of CIGAS thin films was determined from the optical spectra and was found to increase with increasing Al content.

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Polymer nanocomposites of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) filled with various concentration of nanocomposite (Zn 0.97 Al 0.03 O: 1 wt% GO) x ;x = 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt% were prepared by solution mixing and then cast into films.X-ray combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data elucidated the successful preparation of pure PVA/PVP and filled films. The identifiable diffraction lines are ascribable to the presence of filler (Zn 0.97 Al 0.03 O: 1 wt% GO) that further established by the data of EDS as well as selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) achieved by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurement. The optical band gap (E g ) of composite shows a significant decrement from 5.2 to 4.7 eV as the nanocomposite fillers were varied from 0 to 7 wt%. In addition, the refractive index (n), optical dielectric loss (ε 2 ), and optical conductivity (σ opt ) were investigated. The PVA/PVP filled with merely 1 wt% of the particle has an extremely high dielectric permittivity and conductivity.

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