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This study was carried out at the college of agriculture and marine science centre, Basrah university. The present study was conducted to investigate the existence of polymorphism at transferrin (Tf) locus in the Carp (Cyprinus carpio). A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under alkaline condition method was used to distinguish Carp Tf alleles. Use the gel documentation program in this study. Analysis of 116 animals revealed that all animals were polymorphic, showing many genotypes. There was very clear biodiversity in the Tf gene. Seven Tf genotypes consisting of 4 homozygote types (CC, DD, FF and GG) and two heterozygote types (CD, DG and FG) were detected. These fractions are controlled by co-dominant autosomal genes according to the Mendelian laws of inheritance. The highest gene frequencies were calculated 0.50 for Tf D, 0.26 for Tf F and 0.12 for C and G. thus, carp (Cyprinus carpio) assemblages consistently tended to be more predominant to D allele. Differences between expected number and observed number for transferrin genotypes were no significant. This is useful in genetic improvement process through the selection. As far as we know, this is the first large-scale analysis on the genetic polymorphism in carp (Cyprinus carpio). Polyacrylamide electrophoresis, the technique employed in this study, allows rapid and efficient screening for the presence of polymorphism in Tf.

Camel populations in Iraq are facing a severe decline which demands immediate actions to ensure its conservation. This study was carried out at molecular genetics laboratory, college of agriculture, university of Basrah. Twenty four blood samples were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to investigate genetic similarity and diversity among and within three Arabic camel flocks (Camelus dromedarius) represented in Basrah, Thy Qar and Muthanna provinces. Ten random primers were used to amplify DNA fragments in these three flocks. Among ten tested RAPD primers, 6 primers generated novel and polymorphic DNA fragments in all tested samples. A total of 381 bands were obtained, 168 of them were polymorphic. The number of polymorphic bands in each population was found to be different and was higher in the Muthanna than in Thy Qar and Basrah provinces (76, 50 and 42) bands, respectively. Number of polymorphic bands in Muthanna province population was approximately 1.5 times as diverse as that in Basrah and Thy Qar provinces populations. Comparison of banding patterns in Muthanna, Basrah and Thy Qar populations revealed substantial differences that the populations may have been subjected to a long period of geographical isolation from each other. Relationship was determined on the base of polymorphic products analysis and presented in the form of dendrogram (UPGMA percent method). There is a significant correlation between geographical distance and genetic distance between populations. RAPD analysis confirmed the presence of genetic variation within tested Arabic camel. The obtained data will help build conservation strategies to avoid the extinction of animals from their natural habitats in the future. RAPD technique makes it ideal for genetic mapping, plant and animal breeding programs and DNA fingerprinting, with particular utility in the field of population genetics. This study compared, for the first time, variation in DNA fingerprinting of Arabic camels in Iraq.

Pre-natal embryo sexing was done using circulatory blood of pregnant women at early stages of pregnancy, before the 4 th month of pregnancy, in which 20 samples were obtained the objective of the study was to establish and evaluate multiplex PCR for detection of Y-chromosome -specific sequence of fetal DNA in maternal blood circulation during pregnancy in which identification of fetal gender become possible before the 4 th month of pregnancy, this pre-test can be used to determine whether invasive prenatal diagnosis, such as amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling should be performed on a fetus having a risk of X-linked recessive inheritance. The results of the study showed the appearance of a band with 57bp (represent the primer GAPDH) In all samples which represented the control. The second band with the 100bp (represent the primer Y1.7 and Y1.8) as well as the first band (57bp) appeared in male fetuses since it represent a gene found only on the Y chromosome. The application of a non-invasive method like multiplex PCR by using maternal blood for embryo sex identification reveals a reliable and accurate method for prenatal diagnosis.

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