Summary. Aim: To evaluate the presence of the aggregated proteins in malignant and benign neoplasms for clarifying the role of impaired protein metabolism in the formation of the altered tissues. Object and Methods: The histological specimens prepared from the operative materials of 196 patients with different forms of malignant and benign neoplasms were stained with Congo red and Thioflavin T and studied under the light and polarization microscope. Results: The various forms of β-stacked protein aggregates (β-SPA) inclusions were detected in amyloids, keloid tissue, benign polyps, and several malignant tumors. Conclusion: The formation of non-functional protein aggregates proves the complex character of the impairment of protein metabolism resulting in local or systemic accumulation of secondary protein toxins results in β-SPA formation as the self-sustaining complex of parametabolic processes. The β-SPA formation is of considerable interest since their properties lead to the impairment of the normal physiological processes in adjacent tissues ensuring the chronic course of the pathology.

Relevance: Thyroid surgery is dangerous and can lead to damage RLN. The frequency of nerve damage varies widely and this is due to the fact that not always immediately after surgery and subsequent examination of the larynx. This leads to late start of treatment. Purpose of this research is estimate the frequency of transient and permanent immobility of the vocal folds after thуroid surgery. Materials and methods: It was prospective cohort monocenters investigate. 1364 patients were examined. We developed “voice passport of the patient” to improve the diagnosis and treatment. It included data of examination and treatment. All patients in the preoperative and postoperative periods were examination: laryngoscopy, laryngeal videoendoscopy, voice spectral analysis and Voice Handicap Index (VHI-30 modified version) by Jacobcon. Results and discussion: Postoperative disorders of motion vocal folds were in 132 (9.7%) patients. Recovery of motion vocal folds were observed in 123 patients, which were 93.2% of the total number of cases of damage RLN (132) and 9.1% of the total number of surgical interventions (1364). Lack of recovery of motion vocal folds more than one year (laryngeal paralysis) was observed in 9 patients, which was 6,8% of the total number of cases of damage RLN (132) and 0.6% of the total number of surgical interventions (1364). Conclusions: Studying the frequency of paresis and paralysis of the larynx depending on the type of surgery and predicting the risks of PGN depending on the scope of the intervention before its implementation allows to reduce the number of postoperative complications and optimize management tactics in cases where nerve injury can’t be avoided.

Aim: to investigate the intensity of proteins and lipids peroxidation, the state of the antioxidant system and biochemical indices of endogenous intoxication in patients with snoring. Materials and Methods: Blood serum of 20 patients with snoring and 19 healthy persons without any manifestation of respiratory complications at sleeping were studied. All patients were divided into two groups. Group I included 10 patients with moderate manifestation of snoring, and group II with the hard one. Results: An increase of the proteins’ oxidative modifications in patients with snoring without obstructive apnea at sleep were moderate and severe, that is reflected by an increase of the levels of neutral- and basiccharacter aldehyde-dinitrophenyl-hydrazones and basic-character ketone-dinitrophenyl-hydrazones has been established. The level of thiobarbiturate-positive products in patients with the moderate degree of snoring was in the value of control group. At progression of this pathology this index increased, too in compare to control group. The level of catalase activity in patients of both group was increased where as the content of free thiol groups was decreased. The content of medium weight molecules in patients of both groups was on the level of control, but at progressing of the disease it increased. The content of tyrosine-containing peptides was increased in the serum of patients in both groups. Our data prove for the intensification of the proteins’ and lipids’ peroxidation, for the changes in antioxidant system and for the development of endogenous intoxication in patients with severe level of snoring.

Stylohyoid syndrome (Eagle Sterling syndrome) – a complex of symptoms caused by the change in the position, shape and size of the styloideus process and (or) calcification of the stylohyoideus and submucosal ligaments, resulting in irritation of the dorsal and posterior process and muscle structures. As a rule, this disease is not diagnosed because of the low awareness of practitioners. Patients with different diagnoses are treated by different specialists: dentists, ENTs, neurologists, and prolonged symptomatic treatment is ineffective. In patients with the presence of Eagle Sterling syndrome impaired performance is present and dramatically reduced quality of life, which determines the social significance and relevance of problem of diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Materials and methods: During the period from 2009 to 2020 in the department of inflammatory diseases of ENT-organs of the State Institution «O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» 13 persons with this pathology (10 men and 3 women) aged from 25 to 60 years, who turned to our institution after unsuccessful treatment by a neurologist, dentist and specialists of other related specialties, were examined and operated. 3 people were diagnosed with a stylo-carotid and in 10 – stylopharyngeal type of SHS. Surgical removal of styloideus process of the temporal bone, depending on the anatomical features of the styloideus process, was performed by external access at the anterior edge of the nodding muscle (10 patients) or transoral access (3 patients). Results: No patients were observed in the postoperative period, the wounds healed with primary intention. The disappearance of the pain syndrome a few days after surgery was noted in 7 patients, in others complaints it persisted up to 1 month, while there was a positive trend, and only 1 patient remained the intensity and nature of the pain syndrome. Thus, patients with the Eagle’s syndrome have a high effect of surgical treatment and relatively short postoperative rehabilitation, which significantly improves their quality of life.