Our new model was used useful to validate the characteristics between GS and pediatric surgeon. Both PSE and GS have excellent bi-hand coordination and can manipulate both forceps equally and had superior skills compared to PSN. In addition, PSE performed most compact and accurate skills in the conflicted operative space.

Our system is useful for the quantitative assessment of suturing skill in laparoscopic surgery. We believe that this system is a useful tool for training and assessment of laparoscopic surgeons.

Our model could validate the quality of endoscopic surgical skills and could differentiate between Expert and Trainee pediatric surgeons. The Experts could use their forceps equally well to perform tasks even in a small working space.

Pediatric surgery trainees improved their surgical skills after receiving short-term training. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our training program, which utilized a new laparoscopic fundoplication simulator.

Preoperative port simulation in advanced surgery using our artificial simulator is feasible and may facilitate minimally invasive surgery for children.