A combined high-DF and continuous CFAE site ablation in all chambers after circumferential PVI may be effective in the paroxysmal and persistent AF patients.
Bepridil reverses the electrophysiological consequences of atrial remodeling to some extent and L-type calcium channel downregulation in a canine model of atrial tachycardia.
Allopurinol suppresses AF promotion by preventing both electrical and structural remodeling. These results suggest that XO may play an important role in enhancement of atrial vulnerability, and might be a novel target of AF therapy.
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