Objective. To investigate the association between potential environmental exposures and the development of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in patients with psoriasis. Methods. In this case-control study, the cases were patients with recent-onset PsA. The controls were psoriasis patients without arthritis. The occurrence of the following environmental exposures was recorded through a standardized questionnaire: smoking, alcohol consumption, infections, injuries, physically demanding occupational tasks, stressful life events, vaccinations, and female hormonal exposures. The association between each exposure to environmental events and disease status was assessed through logistic regression after adjustment for age, sex, education level, and duration and severity of psoriasis.

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http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00950703; NCT00950703.