Hydrocarbon spills are events that cause a lot of impacts on fragile ecosystems, such as the marine environment, with fatal consequences, the short-term environmental impact can be serious and cause severe damage to the ecosystem and people who live in coastal areas, affecting their livelihoods, therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce, control or mitigate them, in order to recover the affected areas and generate preventive measures to prevent future spills. This document analyzes the environmental impact caused by the hydrocarbon spill in the Bay of Cienfuegos and proposes an environmental impact assessment to contribute to an adequate environmental management.