The goal of current review was to determine the occurrence of obesity and overweight among housewives consequently of a poor diet. Obesity has been related to diabetes, heart disease and osteoarthritis in the past. It has been estimated that 190 million overweight and obese people worldwide, obesity and overweight constitute a severe risk to human health. As a result, we looked into the impact of certain eating behaviors on weight among Pakistani housewives. We examined the link between the unhealthy dietary intake and their weight. Genetics, Screen time, sedentary lifestyle, eating speed, number of meals consumed on daily, and high-sugar diets were all found to be associated with obesity. Our findings show that increasing the number of meals per day, slowing down the rate of eating, and limiting high-sugar foods could help. Keywords: obesity, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy food intake, media

For the last few months, COVID-19 has had a significant effect on clinical laboratory. This formalized with existing issues and difficulties for the laboratory evaluation of infections owing to extreme acute coronaviral syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The selection of the relevant respiratory tract specimen from the appropriate anatomical position is key to a timely and correct molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 at the right time in the pre-analytical process. Suitable steps are needed to safeguard laboratory personnel in order to provide accurate test results. The article is aimed at reviewing the literature related to the diagnosis and treatment therapy adapted to compete for novel coronavirus. The study is followed by reviewing 40-45 articles to critically evaluate and extract the possible therapies adapted in the different regions of the world. Serology, radiotherapy, antigen-detection test, point-of-care molecular diagnostics and other radiotherapeutic approaches are found to be efficient and used in several regions of the world.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the reproductive and metabolic abnormality of females characterized by delayed folliculogenesis, hyperandrogenism, and multiple ovarian cysts, associated with an increased risk of infertility, abortion and endometrial cancer. Objectives: Therefore, the effects of estrogen receptors on PCOS incidence were investigated through quantification of ER-α and ER-β mRNAs expressions via RT-PCR. Study Design: This cross-sectional study was executed at Mayo Hospital Lahore, from January-2021 to September-2022, including 320 participants. Methods: 180 females enrolled in this study were diagnosed with PCOS. ER-α and ER-β were isolated and amplified separately on RT-PCR for their quantification. Results: It was found that expression of tER-α mRNA did not differ between size-matched normal and PCOS follicles, and the concentration of both types of nitrogenous bases, GC and TC, was equivalent. Yet, ER-β mRNA expression was substantially higher in TC (p<0.05) than in GC. Conclusion: It was concluded that PCOS is the major cause of infertility among Pakistani women. It is mostly curable if identified accurately. Established on ER and haplotype data, genetic coding for ER-α and ER-β mRNA are good markers for determination of the association of estrogen receptors with PCOS. Keywords: Endocrine disorder; Estrogen receptors; Genetic coding; Infertility.

Hepatitis C is a major public health concern in developing countries. Early research has shown that the prevalence of HCV is extremely high. This has raised questions regarding how preventive measures will be distributed and implemented in the future on a larger scale. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis C in people who were getting cataract surgery at a free eye camp as a potential occupational hazard for healthcare workers. Taking place from the 15th to the 18th of October 2021 in the city of Paharpur, DI Khan, a free eye camp was hosted at the Welfare Hospital. In the study, all the patients who were scheduled for cataract surgery were included. For the screening of these patients for antibodies to Hepatitis C, the Kit Method was utilised. All the information was recorded using a methodical proforma that was followed. The data was analysed to estimate the average age, gender distribution, and prevalence of Hepatitis C in the population. A total of 106 patients scheduled for cataract surgery were tested for hepatitis C. The results were negative. A total of 36 (34 percent) of the patients tested positive for Hepatitis C, with the average age being 61 years old. A basic infection control protocol must be always maintained, even if free eye camps are a fantastic activity for restoring sight to the visually impaired. The development and implementation of legal protocols for these camps should be the responsibility of the government. In addition to posing a concern for the public, this also poses a threat to health-care workers.

Vaccines function via a variety of methods to provide disease protection; nevertheless, the process of establishing immunity may create side effects. As a result, the goal of this research was to investigate the COVID–19 vaccination's acute side effects among oral health care professionals. In order to investigate the pictured objectives the research was conducted in a explorative manner. The data was collected from the oral health care workers using survey analysis to bring insights into the study objectives. Study followed by the descriptive and frequency analysis of the reported side effects in the selected population. The analytical procedures found that persons who have been vaccinated may display a variety of symptoms, and it is important to examine which vaccination is most cost-effective or has the fewest side effects for a certain age range. Classification should be based on these factors. There are many more aspects to consider when making vaccination decisions, including cost-effectiveness, minimal or zero adverse effects, and efforts to protect socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, as well as the urgent need to restore economic and social normality. Keywords: Side effects of Covid-19, OHCW, Corona Virus Vaccine.