The scalability issue is essential to gain commercial success in MANET. However, there are some existing constraints such as low bandwidth, node mobility, energy consumption, and the broadcast nature of wireless communication that make the network complex to maintain. Furthermore, as the network size increases, communication costs may consume a large proportion of the bandwidth. Other parameters such as node mobility, node density, and traffic load can also impair network scalability. In this research paper, we proposed a new algorithm, K-hop clustering scheme for Pseudolinear MANET (KHPM) where cluster topology remains stable in terms of Khop and more dense network. The strategy used stability metric and Doppler Value (DV) between nodes, which exchanged packets obtained by Doppler shift. A node's smaller DV indicates lower mobility with higher stability. The proposed technique has been analysis hypothetically, which shows that the proposed algorithm is able to consider mobility as a key feature compared to existing SKCA method. In addition, the number of hops of a cluster is twice in KHPM compared to existing THPM technique. General TermsAd hoc wireless network, Clustering.

The study aims to explore the roles of indigenous Garo women in transforming their families in Bangladesh.  A quantitative approach was applied to conduct the study while the social survey method was used to collect data and information. The study reveals that the socio-economic status of Garo women is very poor as 35% of them completed the primary level of education and 40% passed the secondary level of education while 64% of Garo women are day laborers and 61% are loan receivers. Conventional role-female headship has been changing overwhelmingly as both husband and wife are playing vibrant roles in the family building where 80% of family decisions are being taken jointly. Though the traditional role of female headship is being changed, women have to perform 69% of household activities. Their participation in local social organizations is impressive (74%) but they are reluctant to involve in local politics.

People's participation in various avenues of local administration is crucial for strengthening decentralisation in Bangladesh, despite the fact that such participation faces significant. The main purpose of this research is to explore the most current trends in people's participation in different avenues of local government. This research also examines the realities and challenges involved in strengthening decentralisation in Bangladesh. Using a quantitative methodology, this research found that different avenues of people's participation in Union Parishads has fostered successful decentralisation since these avenues certify independent participation and enable them to share their opinions and influence decision-making processes. Since decentralisation facilitates the transfer of power from the central to the local level, people's participation is functional within Union Parishads. Moreover, this research demonstrates that most rural people are severely challenged in participating in the different avenues of Union Parishads due to political complexity, institutional corruption, poor education, and general unawareness. The authors therefore suggest that, by implementing public awareness programmes, ensuring the maximum autonomy of local government units, and confirming the accountability and transparency of service providers, people's participation can strengthen the decentralisation of rural local government in Bangladesh.

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