Ensuring food security is a global challenge that can be mitigated by improving agricultural production. From the last few decades, many developed nations have introduced modern and sustainable agricultural system to abate this challenge. Now, developing countries also demand the blessings of sustainable agricultural system to face this globally burning issue. The purpose of this study is to examine the current agricultural system of main crops and challenges of food security of Bangladesh. Therefore, on the basis of present scenarios of agricultural productivity, some suggestions have been proposed to combat the food security challenges. Mainly agricultural related secondary data published by the government of Bangladesh were analysed to conduct this research. All over the country, farmers are facing challenges of storage facilities, lack of modern agricultural machineries, unfriendly market policy of agro-products, less empathy of governments and natural disaster. Last few year's potato productions has been increasing noticeably because of soil fertility, due to farmer's well-mannered adaptation strategies to climate change, high yield crop seed, using optimum fertilizer, farmer's dearness etc. On the other hand, Jute, the world second largest product also declining the production which contributes 4.66% to economic growth. However, Government's initiatives can ensure food security and sustainable agricultural system of Bangladesh. In this context, farmer friendly agricultural policies, introducing modern technologies, as well as inventing climate adaptive new crop species can be helpful to achieve food security. This research gears towards realization of present agricultural productivity scenarios and to take proper measures by the decision makers of Bangladesh.