Editors' Note: This invited commentary does not focus on a specific set of papers like the other commentaries on this issue, but rather provides an argument to consider the TCM clinical encounter, diagnostic process and clinical treatment to be in fact a Complex Adaptive System, and thus research into TCM, requires the application of methods that have emerged from the field of complexity science. Furthermore, the authors argue that assessment of inter-rater reliability (IRR) is fundamentally incongruent with TCM theory and training. Don't miss reading this provocative commentary!

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