No abstract

Optimizing prices for energy demand response requires a flexible controller with ability to navigate complex environments. We propose a reinforcement learning controller with surprise minimizing modifications in its architecture. We suggest that surprise minimization can be used to improve learning speed, taking advantage of predictability in peoples' energy usage. Our architecture performs well in a simulation of energy demand response. We propose this modification to improve functionality and savin a large-scale experiment. CCS CONCEPTS• Computing methodologies → Reinforcement learning; • Hardware → Smart grid.

Introduction: Mandible being one of the sturdy bone resists damage and therefore its fragments are mostly available after mass disasters like explosions. After the pelvis, the mandible of the skull has significant sexual dimorphism. Many parameters of the mandible altogether make it suitable to identify sex from a given bone. Aim: To determine sex with the help of parameters of the ramus of human mandible. Materials and Methods: This systematic review included the articles from 2000 to 2020 and took a one-year duration. All studies were categorised under dry bone and radiological study. Only original articles of a cross-sectional study, cohort study and case-control study related to ramus and sex determinations were selected online by using available databases like Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar. All selected articles were then analysed for different types of ramus parameters studied. Studies that considered more than one parameter of ramus were included or otherwise rejected. Research articles that mentioned the efficacy of gender identification of bone by considering parameters of the ramus of the mandible were tabulated. Results: Commonly used ramus parameters by different researchers were maximum ramus breadth/width, minimum ramus breadth/width, ramus flexure and ramus height. In addition, coronoid height and projection height was also used by some. In most of the studies, parameters in males were higher than in females whereas gender predictive value was seen higher i.e, 70-83% when a combination of all ramus parameters was taken. In the case of consideration of a single parameter, gender predictive values ranged from 45-79%, and a higher sex predictive value was seen for males. Conclusion: Only when the fragment of the mandible ramus is available, then it can be utilised for gender identification by using ramus width, ramus height along with other parameters based on availability. Ramus alone is a good tool for sex determination in the mandible.

Introduction: Lymphedema is a symptom of morphologically or functionally insufficient lymph transport. There are several etiological factors damaging the lymphatic pathways. Infections and trauma of limb skin and deep tissues evoke reaction of peripheral lymphatics and lymph nodes [1] . Aim and Objective: To compare the "efficacy of pneumatic compression therapy (PCT), lymphatic drainage exercises and control group in patient with lower limb lymph edema. Methodology: Subject randomly assigned into three groups viz group A, B and C. Group A patients given Pneumatic Compression Therapy (PCT) and Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD). Group B given Lymphatic Drainage Exercises (LDE) and Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and Group C given Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) for lower limb lymph edema. All three groups were treated for four weeks. Results: The age, weight and height of subjects in groups A, B and C were compared by using analysis of variance. There was no significant difference found in age, weight and height in all 3 groups (P>0.05). But significant difference found at 3 to 4 weeks in all 3 groups. (P<0.05). Conclusion:The present study concluded that group A (Pneumatic Compression Therapy and Lymphatic Drainage Exercises) showed significant improvement as Group B (Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and control group (lymphatic drainage exercises) for lower limb in lymphoedema.