Performance Appraisal System (PAS) in the civil service of Pakistan has been established to fulfill various purposes. Previously, this aspect of PAS in the civil service has not been investigated. In this study we examine perceptions of the civil servants regarding various purposes of the PAS. Data was collected from the civil servants working in the two departments of far flung district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The results show that appraisees have mixed responses regarding purposes of PAS. It implies that appraisees are not fully aware to all the purposes of PAS, with exception of a sole purpose i.e. support to promotion decisions. In the article we discuss the factors affecting appraisees' perceptions about purposes of the appraisal system. Subsequently, we proffer few recommendations for making the appraisal system purposeful in minds of appraisees. Finally, we give directions for future research in the PAS of civil service.

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Abstract. Oroo', a very peculiar jungle sign language of the semi-nomadic Penan in Malaysia, Borneo Island, is at the virtue of extinction with recent changes in lifestyle. The youth inhabiting the rainforest are more drawn to technology than traditional forest activities needing cognizance of Oroo'. In partnership with community members of Long Lamai, as part of a long term collaboration, we launched into revitalizing Oroo' through digitalization. Complementing previous efforts of database, tangible and game developments, we postulate that a language can only be revitalized if integrated in daily use. Thus in this paper we present the co-design of the Penan's Oroo' Short Message Signs (PO-SMS) application, which extends current technology driven communication means. Following a community-based co-design approach, a group of local youth and elders have led the unique design of their own digital indigenous communication tool. Our research contributes directly to the INTERACT 2015 theme of "Connection.Tradition.Innovation".

Being engaged in long term collaborations with indigenous communities requires a continuous adjustment of interaction protocols beyond set projects. Although the Long Lamai community in Malaysia developed a detailed cultural protocol for guest researchers, numerous conflicts were still recorded. In this paper we present our most recent approach to overcome the cross-cultural communication gaps using sketches, as developed by the local community members. We present a validation session that took place between the community members and guest researchers. We confirm the success of the sketch session, as guest researchers followed the underlying themes of the interaction protocols and internalised the concepts.

There are many bridging-the-digital-divide initiatives implemented by various government agencies and non-governmental organisations throughout the world. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the critical success factors in providing remote and rural communities equitable access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Malaysia has its fair share of successes and failures in such initiatives. One such initiative, the eBario Project, which provided ICTs to the rural and remote community in Bario, Borneo Malaysia, has been in operation over the last decade. The project was undertaken by the