Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single intra detrusor injection of BoNTA comparing two different doses (100 U or 200 U) in patients with idiopathic overactive bladder.Materials and Methods:A randomized prospective study evaluated the efficacy of BoNTA in management of refractory idiopathic overactive bladder and included 80 patients. All patients were assessed initially by taking a history, a physical examination, overactive bladder symptom score, urine analysis, routine laboratory investigations, KUB and pelviabdominal. OABSS was adjusted on all patients postoperative at 1,3,6,9 months also Urodynamic was done for all patients preoperative and postoperative at 3, 6, 9 months.Results:The mean age was 30.22±8.37 and 31.35±7.61 in group I and II respectively. There was no statistically difference between both groups in all parameters all over the study except at 9 months after treatment. Hematuria was observed 6 and 9 patients in group I and II respectively. Dysuria was observed in 6 and 15 patients in group I and II respectively. UTI was detected in 3 and 7 patients in group I and II respectively.Conclusion:A single-injection procedure of 100 U or 200 U BoNTA is an effective and safe treatment for patients with IOAB who failed anticholinergic regimens. OABSS and QoL were improved for 6 months; 100 U injections seemed to have comparable results with 200 U. There was a significant difference at month 9 towards 200 U with more incidences of adverse events.

Background: Amblyopia is reduced vision that is caused by disruption of the normal development of vision during childhood. Aim and objectives: the main aim of this study was to detect macular vascular changes in amblyopic eye by optical coherence tomographic angiography. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional comparative observational study was conducted on 59 patients with amblyopia. this study enrolled patients from May 1,2021, through December 1,2021. All participants in this study signed their written consent to participate.This study was approved by ethical committee on May 1,2021. Results: The foveal and parafoveal macular vessel density was lower in amblyopic eye than control eye . Severe OCTA changes were found to be significantly related to patients with high error of refraction and degree of amblyopia. As regarding UCVA and BCVA, it was found that they were both significantly lower among patients with severe changes compared to those with mild and moderate changes (0.04, 0.10 versus 0.25, 0.10, 0.25 and 0.25 respectively). Conclusion: Young patients with amblyopia have reduced superficial and deep retinal capillary density on OCTA. These vascular changes may be associated with decreased visual acuity. Our findings indicate a possible association between retinal microcirculation and amblyopia. The clinical relevance of this finding remains to be determined.

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