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BackgroundThrombolytic therapy is effective in selected patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Therefore, identification of a marker that reflects the age of thrombus is of particular concern. This pilot study aimed to identify a marker that reflects the time after onset in human aspirated DVT.MethodsWe histologically and immunohistochemically analyzed 16 aspirated thrombi. The times from onset to aspiration ranged from 5 to 60 days (median of 13 days). Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and antibodies for fibrin, glycophorin A, integrin α2bβ3, macrophage markers (CD68, CD163, and CD206), CD34, and smooth muscle actin (SMA).ResultsAll thrombi were immunopositive for glycophorin A, fibrin, integrin α2bβ3, CD68, CD163, and CD206, and contained granulocytes. Almost all of the thrombi had small foci of CD34- or SMA-immunopositive areas. CD68- and CD163-immunopositive cell numbers were positively correlated with the time after onset, while the glycophorin A-immunopositive area was negatively correlated with the time after onset. In double immunohistochemistry, CD163-positive cells existed predominantly among the CD68-immunopositive macrophage population. CD163-positive macrophages were closely localized with glycophorin A, CD34, or SMA-positive cell-rich areas.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that CD163 macrophage and erythrocyte contents could be markers for evaluation of the age of thrombus in DVT. Additionally, CD163 macrophages might play a role in organization of the process of venous thrombus.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12959-016-0122-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

In diagnosing pancreatic lesions, FDG-PET/MRI fusion image was useful in differentiating pancreatic cancer from benign lesions. Furthermore, it was helpful in evaluating relationship between lesions and surrounding tissues as well as in detecting extra benign cysts.

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Purpose:To evaluate the usefulness of the three-dimensional half-Fourier RARE sequence in comparison with single-shot two-dimensional half-Fourier RARE and conventional fast spin echo (FSE) for female pelvic imaging. Materials and Methods:Imaging with all sequences was performed in 146 patients with 166 focal lesions on a 1.5-T system. The images were compared on the basis of quality, lesion conspicuity, and lesion to the uterus contrast-tonoise ratio (CNR). Results:The sharpness of intrapelvic organs on the threedimensional half-Fourier RARE sequence was better than that on two-dimensional half-Fourier RARE and worse than that on FSE. Motion-related artifacts for three-dimensional half-Fourier RARE were more frequent than those for twodimensional half-Fourier RARE. There was no statistical difference between the three-dimensional half-Fourier RARE sequence and FSE in regard to lesion conspicuity and overall image quality. The CNR of leiomyoma to myometrium and cervical cancer to cervical stroma was the highest with threedimensional half-Fourier RARE (P Ͻ 0.05). Conclusion:The three-dimensional half-Fourier RARE sequence generates images with higher contrast and better image resolution than two-dimensional-RARE. The threedimensional data set provided images that can be observed in any orientation without acquiring an additional scan by using the multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) method. T2-WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE imaging (MRI) is essential for the detection and characterization of diseases of the pelvis (1,2). The recent refinement of MRI sequences and hardware has allowed ultrafast imaging to be made available by using single-shot sequences such as echo planar imaging (EPI) and singleshot half-Fourier RARE. The theoretical advantages of ultrafast sequences include elimination of motion artifacts and increased time effectiveness. Its severe susceptibility artifacts and image distortion due to magnetic heterogeneity caused by intestinal gas limit the clinical use of single-shot EPI in the pelvic region (3). The application of the half-Fourier RARE sequence may be an effective approach for imaging the female pelvis. However, the two-dimensional RARE sequence has several limitations, such as severe blurring artifacts, poor spatial resolution in a slice-selective direction, and low lesion contrast (4). The three-dimensional volume acquisition technique allows for the generation of multiplanar thin slices without interslice gaps. The threedimensional technique may have potential advantages relating to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and to visualizing fine anatomic structures over the two-dimensional method. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of the three-dimensional half-Fourier RARE sequence in comparison with single-shot two-dimensional half-Fourier RARE and conventional fast spin echo (FSE) for female pelvic imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient PopulationThis study was carried out in 146 consecutive female patients (mean age ϭ 46.2, range ϭ 19 -83) referred for MRI because of suspected abnormalities ...