The potential use of unmanned aerial vehicles for the identification of oil spills poses a number of critical challenges related to the selection and justification of the hardware and software to be used. The purpose of this article is to analyse the technical solutions and characteristics required to enable the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in oil spill identification tasks. The author provides a comprehensive study of the issue presented, including a description of the necessary technical equipment and requirements in relation to the composition of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

Shipbuilding companies often suffer from long production cycles, low staff utilisation and an unbalanced production line. To solve these problems, a lean shipbuilding regime is used which involves work breakdowns, production plans and virtual flow operations that combine lean production with modern information management technology in shipbuilding. Production planning manages all the production activities of a shipbuilding facility. Production plans are achieved just-in-time through intelligent organisation, reducing loss of staff and time. A virtual flow operation is then carried out, achieving high efficiency in flow production and high flexibility in production. By implementing a lean shipbuilding regime based on task package planning and its production system, the ship's production cycle is reduced, the number of workers is reduced, but the level of production balance is increased.

A technology belonging to Industry 4.0, the Internet of Ships (IOS), could improve shipbuilding in the coming years. To this end, the implementation of this technology in ship design tools, also known by the acronym CAD (Computer Aided Design), has been studied over the past few years. The purpose of this study is to explain one of the most interesting technologies available today, the Internet of Ships (IOS), used in the maritime sector. This technology is a complement to other existing technologies known as Industry 4.0, such as digital twin, cloud computing, or augmented reality.