Species’ range shifts and local extinctions caused by global change lead to community composition changes. At large spatial scales, ecological barriers, such as biome boundaries, coastlines, elevation, and temperature gradients, can influence a community's ability to shift. Yet, ecological barriers are rarely considered in global change studies, potentially hindering predictions of biodiversity shifts. We used data from two consecutive European breeding bird atlases to calculate the geographic distance and direction between communities in the 1980's and their nearest compositional equivalent in the 2010’s and modelled their response to barriers. The ecological barriers affected both the distance and direction of bird community composition shifts, with coasts and elevation having the strongest influence. Combining ecological barriers and community shift projections can identify ecological corridors that facilitate shifts of species and communities under global change.

Species’ range shifts and local extinctions caused by climate change lead to community composition changes. At large spatial scales, ecological barriers, such as biome boundaries, coastlines, and elevation, can influence a community's ability to shift in response to climate change. Yet, ecological barriers are rarely considered in climate change studies, potentially hindering predictions of biodiversity shifts. We used data from two consecutive European breeding bird atlases to calculate the geographic distance and direction between communities in the 1980's and their compositional best match in the 2010’s and modeled their response to barriers. The ecological barriers affected both the distance and direction of bird community composition shifts, with coastlines and elevation having the strongest influence. Our results underscore the relevance of combining ecological barriers and community shift projections for identifying the forces hindering community adjustments under global change. Notably, due to (macro)ecological barriers, communities are not able to track their climatic niches, which may lead to drastic changes, and potential losses, in community compositions in the future.

The complexity of the innovative potential of the enterprise as a subject of research and its versatility determine the large number of approaches to its evaluation. Therefore, an important area of ​​research is to develop a comprehensive approach to quickly and fully diagnose the state of the existing innovative potential of the enterprise. Assessment of the innovative potential of the enterprise is a set of analytical procedures to determine its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, which expresses a certain attitude to this object of the one who evaluates in accordance with the chosen system of relations. The changing and dynamic business environment requires active innovation, which ensures the overall development of the enterprise, as well as improving or maintaining the necessary level of its competitiveness. At the same time, conducting innovative activities is accompanied by significant risks and threats. Assessment and management of the innovative potential of the enterprise is designed to reduce the level of risks and possible consequences of their occurrence. These processes consist of a number of stages, one of which is the adoption of management decisions on the selection and implementation of a particular innovation strategy. Management decisions are impossible without reliable and complete information about the object of management. In turn, the definition of enterprise development strategy depends on the main characteristics of the existing innovation potential of the enterprise, which is a necessary condition for innovation and acts as a decisive factor in increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise. Therefore, in order to objectively assess the current situation, find competitive advantages and increase the effectiveness of enterprise management in general, it is necessary to analyze the existing innovation potential and identify reserves of efficiency. The subject of research and analysis is the innovative potential of the enterprise and its components. The main purpose of the article is to formulate and substantiate conceptual approaches to assessing the innovative potential of the enterprise.

Hands-on, inquiry-based laboratory activities are excellent opportunities to introduce first-year undergraduate students to the lab environment and to catalyze new interest in topics they may not yet know or be as enthusiastic about studying. We describe a multisession introductory laboratory activity that couples the research areas of medicinal drug discovery and plant biology. Selecting from a diversity of native California plants and broadly recognized medicinal plants, students learn and apply an assortment of basic phytochemical assays, analyze preliminary data, and then formulate hypothesis-driven follow-up experiments. Working in small groups, students develop shared project management and collaboration skills, and present activity results to peers in multiple modalities. Furthermore, we summarize findings from 163 student experiments using 29 plant species into an Instructor’s Resource Table to facilitate guiding students through their preliminary and follow-up experiments. Lastly, we include student responses from pre- and post-activity surveys on their changing attitudes toward plant biology.

В роботі розглянуто витоки українського архітектурного модерну, проведено порівняльний аналіз класифікаційних ознак, наведені приклади різних напрямів, особливу увагу приділено пам’яткам архітектури в сільській місцевості, як менш відомим.