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Traditional sciences are narrowly specialized into selected viewpoints and parts of reality. This causes important insights and oversights that are supposed to be resolved by cybernetics and systems theory. The General Systems Theory fights over‐specialization; cybernetics grew from interdisciplinary cooperation practicing this fight. More holism and wholeness result. The Dialectical Systems Theory adds methodology to support attainment of requisite holism and wholeness by influencing human attributes and methods. This makes it universally applicable. Its applied method USOMID and De Bono's Six Thinking Hats are very close and can be combined. The new concepts of social responsibility exposing ‘interdependence and holistic approach’ apply a very comparable concept and are found helpful against the current crisis as a consequence of over‐specialization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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PurposeThis paper sets out to provide a new systems theory supporting requisite holism and innovation in organizations of the public sector, such as medical care.Design/methodology/approachMulej's dialectical systems theory is applied.FindingsCurrently, the many existing systems theories are applied in separation rather than in synergy. Here, a fourth attempt to make a new systems theory in Slovenia is presented: after the dialectical system theory, the dialectical network thinking, and the business cybernetics this is the control systems theory.Research limitation/implicationsResearch was limited to management of public health care and attainment of the requisite holism in it.Practical implicationsManagerial efficiency and processes in organizations with a rather small influence of the market pressure can be innovated more easily.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt, to the best of one's knowledge, to make a new synergy of the dialectical systems, living systems, and viable systems theories as potentially complementary systems theories and three methodologies supporting informal requisite holism of thinking, decision making and action.