The structure of FeOx species supported on γ-Al2 O3 was investigated by using Fe K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The samples were prepared through the impregnation of iron nitrate on Al2 O3 and co-gelation of aluminum and iron sulfates. The dependence of the XRD patterns on Fe loading revealed the formation of α-Fe2 O3 particles at an Fe loading of above 10 wt %, whereas the formation of iron-oxide crystals was not observed at Fe loadings of less than 9.0 wt %. The Fe K-edge XAFS was characterized by a clear pre-edge peak, which indicated that the FeO coordination structure deviates from central symmetry and that the degree of FeOFe bond formation is significantly lower than that in bulk samples at low Fe loading (<9.0 wt %). Fe K-edge extended XAFS oscillations of the samples with low Fe loadings were explained by assuming an isolated iron-oxide monomer on the γ-Al2 O3 surface.
In sheet metal processing, several parts are cut from one sheet metal by punching process. Before punching process, layout of parts is decided by the nesting. If the parts are arranged as compactly as possible into one sheet metal, the waste of raw materials can be reduced. Therefore, the nesting is essential for optimizing the layout of parts. However, if the nesting is executed without considering the following manufacturing processes, there cause various inefficiencies all over the processes. Therefore, the nesting and the scheduling should be considered simultaneously for the efficient manufacturing. With this point of view, in this study, we propose an integrated method in terms of scheduling and nesting. Moreover, we verified the effectiveness of the proposed method through some computational experiments.
The NGN is an IP-based, carrier-grade infrastructure. As such, it is required to provide high reliability, high durability, and high quality of service. This paper describes the requirements that must be met if the NGN is to provide carriergrade quality while offering features specific to the NGN. The paper also proposes solutions to satisfy these requirements. Specifically, it discusses how to configure a high-quality IP transfer network, how to protect service control servers in the event of a major disaster, and how to implement QoS control in call processing. These solutions are contributing to the stable operation of the NGN that NTT put into commercial service in March 2008.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.