No abstract

Arteriography and phlebography have been used in clinical medicine since their development some twenty years ago. The early work with these techniques was done by dos Santos et al. in 1931, Moniz et al. (1932), and dos Santos (1938). A comparable method of studying the lymphatic circulation would be of obvious value, but its development has been delayed by technical difficulties. Lymph vessels, or at least normal ones, are much smaller than the arteries or veins used in angiography. They contain colourless lymph, which makes

Here, successful realization of a variable multivariate optical element (VMOE) based on a transmissive liquid crystal (LC) panel is reported. In contrast to conventional multivariate optical elements (MOEs), a single VMOE is a dynamic system, allowing measurement of numerous analytes in different mixtures. Furthermore, VMOE has superior spectral resolution in comparison to a conventional MOE. It is demonstrated here that the system implemented in a Raman spectrometer predicts the concentration of each individual component in toluene-acetonitrile-cyclohexane mixtures with a prediction error of <6% (mass percentage). With a dedicated optical design of the setup, a prediction error smaller than 2% is expected to be feasible for the current chemical system.