The rapid development of modern science and technology has led to the increasing scale of production systems and the formation of large and complex systems, resulting in the increasing complexity of control objects, controllers, and control tasks and purposes. The problem of how to better play the nurturing function of professional courses and realize the combination of knowledge transfer and value leadership is addressed. Compared with traditional teaching methods, the combination of mental health knowledge and ideological and political content can effectively improve the life satisfaction of college students and thus promote the completion of teaching objectives. Based on the background of the current new social development, the values of college students are gradually tending to diversify, which brings certain difficulties to the development of thought and politics teaching in schools. In the new era, the psychological health and thought dynamics of college students are getting more and more attention from the society and schools. To establish positive and healthy “three views,” students are closely related to teaching of psychological fitness and thought and politics teaching. In this paper, we study the influence model of thought and politics teaching based on fuzzy control algorithm (FL) in order to achieve a scientific and systematic teaching method and good teaching effect. In this paper, the construction of FL-based thought and politics teaching students’ mental health influence model is studied, in order to achieve a scientific and systematic teaching method and good teaching effect. The experimental results show that the average correct rate of the endpoints corresponding to the endpoints detected by FL’s thought and politics teaching model is 76.99%, which is 42.85% higher than that of the nonlinear SISO system algorithm. Therefore, the endpoint detection algorithm of FL’s thought and politics teaching model combined with amplitude and phase information has a higher correct rate. Therefore, this paper can analyze the psychology of different groups of college students, so as to draw more accurate conclusions in the field of student psychology, and then improve the psychological health of individual college students. Therefore, the research in this paper can meet the intrinsic requirements of the psychological and ideological health development of college students, strengthen the theoretical research on the infiltration of teaching of psychological fitness into the teaching of civics, improve the teaching mode, and innovate the educational methods.