The aim of this study was to monitor and evaluate the Caatinga vegetation cover in a municipality from the Brazilian semi-arid through of the spatial-temporal distribution of vegetation indexes by remote sensing. The study was developed using six satellite images which covers the municipality of Iguatu, Ceará. Thematic maps of the SAVI and LAI vegetation indexes were developed and evaluated by descriptive statistics and according to their spatial-temporal variability. Maps of the SAVI and LAI showed high heterogeneity in the spatial-temporal distribution pattern, classified as medium variability (CV = 35 to 57%) and high variability (CV = 63 to 104%), respectively. The indexes provided answers as to the land uses behavior pattern, highlighting conditions of changes in the Caatinga vegetation. In general, the SAVI and LAI indexes showed a low condition of the vegetal biomass over time, a typical spatial-temporal dynamics characteristic in the dry season of the semi-arid. The vegetation indexes detected a remarkable sensitivity of the Caatinga vegetation to the presence and/or absence of rainfall, owing a high resilience capacity in response to intense rainfall. The semi-arid region becomes more vulnerable due to the intensification of drought events.
Mossoró, RN, Brazil, is considered one of the fruit growing centers of the Northeast region. This municipality has a persistent water deficit, with the need to develop irrigated agriculture with efficient water use and rational management of irrigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate estimation methods of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for different climate conditions of Mossoró, comparing them with the standard Penman-Monteith-FAO 56 method. A daily data series of two distinct years, a rainy (2011) and a dry year (2012), was used. The data were obtained from the weather station of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA). An analysis was performed to identify methods that best fit those of Penman-Monteith-FAO 56, and for this, ten methods were evaluated using statistical indices. The Penman-Original, Radiation-Temperature, and Hargreaves-Original methods stood out and satisfactorily met ETo estimation for the rainy season, while the Jensen-Haise, Radiation-Temperature, and Hargreaves-Original methods achieved satisfactory performance for the dry season. The Hargreaves-Samani method did not demonstrate viability in the use of ETo estimation, as it was the worst method in both studied periods and is not recommended for irrigation management.
A caracterização climática de uma região permite a recomendação e a determinação de um melhor manejo de culturas agrícolas. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se identificar mudanças na classificação climática e aptidão agroclimática da cidade de Bom Jesus-Piauí, em diferentes cenários climáticos. O município integra a região do Semiárido Piauiense, possuindo clima quente e úmido. Na composição do balanço hídrico climatológico (BHC), calculado pelo método de Thornthwaite & Mather, utilizaram-se os conjuntos de dados das normais climatológicas de 1961-1990 e 1981-2010, ambas disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Verificou-se, entre os conjuntos de dados avaliados, um aumento de 1,5°C na temperatura média do ar, redução de 106,7 mm nos totais pluviométricos e um aumento de 350,7 mm na ETP, configurando uma longa estação seca e a presença de deficiência hídrica na maior parte do ano. No que se trata à classificação climática constatou-se uma mudança no tipo climático da região, deixando de ser classificado como Subúmido seco (C1) e passando a ser classificado como Semiárido (D), desta forma o cultivo da banana, caju e sorgo foram afetados pela redução da disponibilidade hídrica da região.
Uma das formas de se estudar a precipitação pluvial de determinada região é através de Índices de Anomalia de Chuva (IAC). Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o IAC em seis municípios de diferentes mesorregiões do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, evidenciando os anos de seca e chuva. Mossoró, Apodi, Cruzeta, Santa Cruz, Natal e Ceará Mirim foram os municípios selecionados. Os dados de precipitação pluvial das séries históricas foram obtidos na Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte (EMPARN), e os cálculos do IAC foram realizados com base na normal climatológica e médias dos 10 anos de máximas e mínimas precipitações. A classificação de anos secos e chuvosos foi feita de acordo com as classes de intensidade do IAC. Dentre os municípios analisados, Natal foi o mais chuvoso, reflexo da precipitação média anual (1656,3 mm), com o IAC variando entre-4,47 e 6,78. Cruzeta apresentou 29 anos com desvios negativos e 25 anos com desvios positivos. Mossoró foi a única cidade a apresentar 2 anos extremamente secos, e teve o IAC variando entre-4,12 e 6,78. Diferentemente de Mossoró, Ceará Mirim teve dois anos extremamente chuvosos, e o IAC variou entre-4,43 e 5,07. Apodi foi a cidades que mais apresentou eventos secos, e a cidade de Santa Cruz foi a única que não apresentou nenhum ano extremamente seco. Concluiu-se que a utilização do IAC garante resultados mais precisos referentes ao grau de variação da chuva em torno da normal climatológica. Palavras-chave: precipitação, séries históricas, classe de intensidade. Index of rain anomaly for different mesoregions of Rio Grande do Norte state A B S T R A C T One way to study the rainfall of the determined region is through Rain Anomaly Indexes (IAC). In this context, the present work had the objective of analyzing the IAC in six municipalities of different mesoregions of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, evidencing the years of drought and rain. Mossoró, Apodi, Cruzeta, Santa Cruz, Natal e Ceará Mirim were the municipalities selected. The rainfall data of the historical series were obtained from the Agricultural Research Company of Rio Grande do Norte (EMPARN), and the calculations of the IAC were performed based on the normal climatologica and averages of 10 years of maximum and minimum precipitations. The classification of dry and wet years was made according to intensity classes of IAC. Among the municipalities analyzed, Natal was the wettest, reflecting the annual average precipitation (1656,3 mm), with the IAC ranging between-4,47 and 6,78. Cruzeta presented 29 years with negative deviations and 25 years with positive deviations. Mossoró was the only city to present two extremely dry years, and had IAC varying between-4,12 e 6,78. Unlike Mossoró, Ceará Mirim had two extremely wet years, and the IAC ranged between-4,43 and 5,07. Apodi was the city that more presented dry events, and the Santa Cruz city was the only one that did not present dry years. It was concluded that the use of IAC guarantees more accurate results regarding the...
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