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New data on the competitive nanotechnologies for fabrication of fine-grained powder-like particles, films, bulk materials, nanocomposites, devices for microelectronics, nanoelectronics, photonics and photocatalysis are presented. The proposed nanotechnologies for electronics are much more advantageous and simpler than other expensive and complicated methods such as e-beam lithography, X-ray lithography or production of the devices using light phase shift photomasks. The mechanism of sensitization and activation was established. The proposed methods of metallization are widely used in electronics and instrument-making. As a result, Au, Ag and Pd were adequately replaced with the alloys of non-precious metals, the use of toxic substances was eliminated and the technology was significantly simplified.