No abstract

Objective:To determine practice pattern of physiotherapists in the neonatal intensive care units (ICUs) in India with regards to cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular physiotherapy.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted across India, in which 285 questionnaires were sent via e-mail to physiotherapists working in neonatal intensive care units.Results:A total of 139 completed questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 48.7%, with a majority of responses from Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat. More than 90% of physiotherapists performed chest physiotherapy in neonatal ICUs. Chest physiotherapy assessment predominantly focused on vital parameter assessment (86%) and in treatment predominantly focused on percussion (74.1%), vibration (75.5%), chest manipulation (73.3%), postural drainage (67.6%) and suction (65.4%). In neuromuscular physiotherapy more than 60% of physiotherapists used positioning, and parent education, whereas more than 45% focused on passive range of motion exercise and therapeutic handling.Conclusion:The practice pattern of physiotherapists for neonates in neonatal intensive care units involves both chest physiotherapy as well neuromuscular physiotherapy. Chest physiotherapy assessment focused mainly on vital parameter assessment (heart rate, respiratory rate and partial pressure of oxygen saturation SpO2). Treatment focused on airway clearance techniques including percussion, vibration, postural drainage and airway suction. In neuromuscular physiotherapy most physiotherapists focused on parent education and passive range of motion exercise, therapeutic handling, as well as positioning.

No abstract

Introduction: Globally carcinoma breast is the leading cause of cancer death in women .Prognosis of such patients is related to a variety of Histomorphological features which includes, Histological grade, type, tumor size and lymph node metastases. Estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and more recently, HER-2/neu have with increasing importance influenced the management of the malignancy. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at tertiary care hospital which included 70 cases of breast cancer that we have reported at our department during a period from June 2012 to June 2014.Specimens were fixed overnight in 10% Neutral buffered formalin and processed as routine for H&E staining. Representative sections with tumour with adjacent normal breast tissue (internal control) were taken on Poly-L-Lysine coated slides and proceed for antigen retrieval, HRP Polymerization steps and than processed for ER, PR and HER-2/neu immuno-histochemical staining with respective antibody. Observation and Results: Maximum No. Of cases were in age group 5th and 6th decade with Invasive ductal carcinoma was predominately observed followed by invasive lobular carcinoma. Among 70 cases, 25 cases (35.71%) showing ER/PR+ HER 2pattern which is predominant pattern in this study. While 23 cases (32.85%) showing Tripple negative pattern. Conclusion: most important cost effective, prognostic markers are estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status and HER2/neu status. Correlation of these marker status with clinical parameters helps in predicting the future treatment modalities and disease free survival for the patient in developing countries.