The provision of open data by governments at all levels has rapidly increased over recent years. Given that one of the dominant motiva-

Digital cartography offers exciting opportunities for recording indigenous knowledge, particularly in contexts where a people's relationship to the land has high cultural significance. Canada's north offers a useful case study of both the opportunities and challenges of such projects. Through the Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre (GCRC), Inuit peoples have been invited to become partners in innovative digital mapping projects, including creating atlases of traditional place names, recording the patterns and movement of sea ice, and recording previously uncharted and often shifting traditional routes over ice and tundra. Such projects have generated interest in local communities because of their potential to record and preserve traditional knowledge and because they offer an attractive visual and multimedia interface that can address linguistic and cultural concerns. But given corporations' growing interest in the natural resources of the Arctic and the concomitant rise in government concern about claims to Arctic sovereignty, such maps may also be of interest to a broad range of actors and for a variety of purposes. Because these projects rely heavily upon, and record, oral knowledge, and because they convert such knowledge into highly malleable and easily disseminated digital content, they raise challenging issues around informed consent, intellectual and cultural property, and privacy. This article identifies and examines these issues and describes the collaborative and interdisciplinary research established to identify and address the use of traditional knowledge in digital cartography. RÉSUMÉLa cartographie numérique offre des possibilités intéressantes pour consigner le savoir autochtone, particulièrement dans les contextes où le rapport entre la personne et la terre a une grande importance culturelle. Le nord du Canada offre une étude de cas utile à la fois des possibilités et des défis que présentent de tels projets. Par l'entremise du Centre de recherches en géomatique et cartographie (CRGC), des Inuits ont été invités à devenir partenaires de projets innovateurs de cartographie numérique, qui visent notamment à créer des atlas de noms d'endroits traditionnels, à consigner les tendances et le mouvement des glaces maritimes et à consigner les itinéraires traditionnels non cartographiés et souvent changeants sur la glace et la toundra. De tels projets ont suscité de l'intérêt dans les communautés locales parce qu'ils offrent des possibilités de consigner et de préserver le savoir ancestral et aussi une interface visuelle et multimédiatique attrayante qui peut tenir compte des préoccupations linguistiques et culturelles. Comme les entreprises s'intéressent de plus en plus aux ressources naturelles de l'Arctique et étant donné la montée concomitante des préoccupations du gouvernement au sujet des revendications relatives à la souveraineté dans l'Arctique, de telles cartes peuvent aussi intéresser un vaste éventail d'intervenants pour toutes sortes de raisons. Comme ces projets comptent énormément sur...

Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is a relatively new and rapidly developing activity with varying degrees of organization and legal sophistication that involves host sites, contributors, and users. VGI related activities raise a variety of legal issues, from intellectual property to liability, defamation, and privacy. These issues may affect the rights and obligations of all those who use or participate in VGI activities. This article provides an overview of some of these legal considerations from the perspectives of the host, contributor, and user respectively. Les enjeux juridiques de l'information géographique volontaire L'information géographique volontaire (IGV) est une activité relativement récente qui progresse rapidement et qui implique des sites d'hébergement, des collaborateurs, et des utilisateurs,à des niveaux variés d'organisation et de complexité juridiques. Les activités entourant l'IGV soulèvent de multiples enjeux juridiques, allant de la propriété intellectuelle jusqu'à la responsabilité civile, la diffamation, et le droità la vie privée. Ces enjeux peuvent avoir des incidences sur les droits et les obligations de ceux qui se servent ou qui sont associésàdes activités en IGV. L'objet de cet article est de présenter un survol de quelques-unes des questions relativesà ces dossiers juridiquesà partir de trois perspectives que sont le site d 'hébergement, le collaborateur, et l'utilisateur.

Ambush marketing activities—such as advertisements that obliquely reference a major event—have frustrated major sport event organizers and sponsors for years. Nevertheless, these activities, so long as they stopped short of trademark infringement or false advertising, have been perfectly legal. In the last decade, major sport event organizers such as the International Olympic Committee and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association have pressured national governments to pass legislation prohibiting ambush marketing as a condition of a successful bid to host an event. Such legislation has already been enacted in the United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, and the statutes in these jurisdictions reveal an emerging right of association. In this paper, the author surveys the evolution of this right and its key features. She offers a critique of this right, and argues that the need for it has never been properly established, and that the legislation is overly broad, does not reflect an appropriate balancing of interests, and may infringe upon the freedom of expression.

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