This study aimed to investigate factors associated with the symptoms of mental disorders following a road traffic crash (RTC). A prospective cohort of 200 people was followed for 6 months after experiencing an RTC. The cohort was comprised of uninjured survivors and injured victims with all levels of road traffic injury (RTI) severity. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between the symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety one and six months after the RTC, along with sociodemographic factors, health status before and after the RTC, factors related to the RTI and factors related to the RTC. The results showed associations of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with sociodemographic factors, factors related to the health status before and after the RTC and factors related to the RTC. Factors related to the RTI showed associations only with depression and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Identifying factors associated with mental disorders following an RTC is essential for establishing screening of vulnerable individuals at risk of poor mental health outcomes after an RTC. All RTC survivors, regardless of their RTI status, should be screened for factors associated with mental disorders in order to successfully prevent them.

Background Road traffic injuries impose a substantial health burden among children. Health literacy is one of the most important determinants of non-communicable disease prevention. Parent health literacy is connected with their knowledge and behaviors regarding children road traffic injuries (CRTI) prevention. The aim of this study was to explore health literacy, knowledge and behaviors of mothers' in Croatia regarding CRTI prevention. Methods This population based cross-sectional questionnaire study was done during 2019 in convenient sample of mothers of school aged children. Sociodemographic data and data about knowledge and behaviors of mothers regarding CRTI prevention were collected by the use of specially designed questionnaire. Croatian version of the Newest Vital Sign screening test (NVS-HR) was used for heath literacy determination. Results There were 814 mothers' median age 36.0 (interquartile range 32.0. - 39.0). According to NVS-HR there were 17.7%, 26.5% and 55.8% of mothers with low, intermediate and adequate health literacy level, respectively. The higher levels of health literacy were connected with younger age of mothers (37 years old or less) (P = 0.027); urban area of settlement (P < 0.001); living with a partner (P = 0.018); higher educational level of mothers (P < 0.001) and with better self-perceived economic status (P = 0.009). The study revealed poor positive correlation between mothers' health literacy and their knowledge regarding CRTI prevention (rho=0.170; P < 0.001). The study further showed that there was no correlation between mothers' health literacy and their behavior regarding CRTI prevention (rho=0.072; P = 0.041). Finally, the study revealed poor positive correlation between mothers' knowledge and behavior regarding CRTI prevention (rho=0.193; P < 0.001). Conclusions The level of health literacy affects mothers' knowledge about CRTI prevention. Further studies are needed to better understand the underlying reasons for established association. Key messages Low parent health literacy is one of the predictors of poor parent knowledge about children road traffic injuries prevention. It is necessary to identify and to address low parent health literacy in preventive strategies directed towards children road traffic injury prevention.

Abstract. Aim: The aim was to present an unusual spontaneous disappearance of HBsAg after a long-lasting infection. Case report: A 26-year-old man started chronic hemodialysis (HD) in 1994 for chronic glomerulonephritis. Serological analysis was positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. During the following years he was treated with HD and his HBV markers remained unchanged (HBsAg positivity). When antiviral therapy became available the patient refused to be treated. In 2006 his HBsAg was negative for the first time in 12 years, while anti-HBs and antiHBc were positive, which would indicate that he became immune late after a natural infection. To date, all repeated check-ups have been negative for HBsAg. In 2008 he received a kidney transplant from a deceased donor and was put on immunosuppressive (IS) therapy. During the IS treatment, which is still ongoing, he was stable and without HBV viremia (HBsAg-negative). Conclusion: It still remains unclear how spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion happened in our patient after a long lasting infection. It is also interesting that 11 years after seroconversion his HBV markers are still unchanged (HBsAg negative) and show signs of a resolved HBV infection, even though he has been immunosuppressed due to kidney transplantation for already 9 years. It is possible that his anti-HBs levels are high enough to protect him and inhibit HBV reactivation or the virus has not been dormant in his hepatic cells at all.Key words: HbsAg; hemodialysis; hepatitis B virus; immunosuppression; kidney transplantation; seroconversion Sažetak. Cilj: Cilj je prikazati neobičan spontani nestanak HBsAg nakon dugotrajne infekcije. Prikaz slučaja: Dvadesetšestogodišnji muškarac započeo je kroničnu hemodijalizu (HD) 1994. godine zbog kroničnog glomerulonefritisa. Serološka analiza bila je pozitivna na infekciju virusom hepatitisa B (VHB). Tijekom sljedećih godina liječen je HD-om i njegovi su biljezi VHB-a ostali nepromijenjeni (HBsAg pozitivnost). Kada je antivirusna terapija postala dostupna, pacijent je odbio liječenje. HBsAg postao je 2006. negativan prvi put u 12 godina, dok su anti-HBs i anti-HBc postali pozitivni, što bi upućivalo na to da je nakon prirodne infekcije razvio imunost. Do sada su sve ponovljene pretrage negativne za HBsAg. 2008. godine transplantiran mu je bubreg od mrtvog darovatelja i uvedena terapija imunosupresivima (IS). Tijekom liječenja IS-om, koje je u tijeku, bio je stabilan i bez HBV viremije (HBsAg negativno). Zaključak: Još uvijek nije jasno kako se spontana HBsAg serokonverzija dogodila u našeg pacijenta nakon dugotrajne infekcije. Također je zanimljivo da su i 11 godina nakon serokonverzije njegovi biljezi VHB-a još uvijek nepromijenjeni (HBsAg negativnost) i pokazuju znakove preboljele infekcije VHB-om, unatoč devetogodišnjem IS-u zbog bubrežnog presađivanja. Moguće je da su njegove razine anti-HBs dovoljno visoke da ga zaštite i inhibiraju reaktivaciju VHB-a ili virus uopće nije prisutan u njegovim hepatocitima.Ključne riječi: HbsAg; hemodijaliza; hepatitis B v...

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