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In March 2000, professionals from various duiker‐holding institutions conducted a workshop at the Wildlife Conservation Society’s Wildlife Survival Center (WCS/WSC) on St. Catherine’s Island entitled Husbandry, Nutrition, and Health of Captive Duikers. The product of this workshop was a suite of monographs, one of which dealt with veterinary issues and took the form of a series of veterinary guidelines. These guidelines are based on the general disease and management concerns of neonatal and adult duikers, and include: 1) preventive medicine recommendations with preshipment, quarantine, and routine physical examination protocols; 2) restraint and anesthesia recommendations; 3) a necropsy protocol; and 4) a summary of medical informational needs. The main intent of these protocols is to outline minimum standards of veterinary care and inquiry for duiker species in captivity. Eventually, this will result in the establishment of a consistent and comprehensive data base, from which future individuals will greatly benefit in the form of improved husbandry, nutrition, and medicine. Zoo Biol 21:197–207, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Managing social groups in zoos requires controlling reproduction in individuals that do not have a current breeding recommendation, while simultaneously maintaining social harmony and animal well‐being. Contraceptives, such as gonadotropin releasing‐hormone (GnRH) agonists, that suppress testosterone production, offer a potential solution. They achieve infertility by interrupting spermatogenesis and may ameliorate androgen‐induced aggression. This study investigated the effects of two GnRH agonists, histrelin and deslorelin, on testosterone, testis size, body weight and sperm production in male lion‐tailed macaques, along with subjective observations of aggressive behavior. Five trials at three institutions with 14 males demonstrated that 100 mg histrelin or 9 to 12 mg of deslorelin could at least temporarily reduce testosterone, but a lower 6 mg dose was ineffective. However, ability of deslorelin to produce azoospermia varied among males, even at the highest dose. In general, a higher dose was needed (1) to achieve than to maintain suppression of any measured parameter and (2) to suppress sperm production than testosterone concentration. Testosterone production was also more likely than sperm production to recover, suggesting possible damage to seminiferous tubules but not to Leydig cells. Aggressive behavior was reduced in all but the group receiving the lowest dose. This allowed social groups to be maintained for many years despite recovery of testosterone in some males, suggesting that new social roles had been learned and become independent of androgen influence.