Human-robot interaction has extended its application horizon to simplify how human beings interact with each other through a remotely controlled telepresence robot. The fast growth of communication technologies such as 4G and 5G has elevated the potential to establish stable audio-video-data transmission. However, human-robot physical interactions are still challenging regarding maneuverability, controllability, stability, drive layout, and autonomy. Hence, this paper presents a systematic design and control approach based on the customer's needs and expectations of telepresence mobile robots for social interactions. A system model and controller design are developed using the Lagrangian method and linear quadratic regulator, respectively, for different scenarios such as flat surface, inclined surface, and yaw (steering). The robot system is capable of traveling uphill (30 •) and has a variable height (600-1200 mm). The robot is advantageous in developing countries to fill the skill gaps as well as for sharing knowledge and expertise using a virtual and mobile physical presence.

Many manmade machines and mechanisms, including robots, function based on the concept of nature-inspired design, so that they can perform their intended duties by mimicking the working mechanisms of animals and insects. Accordingly, walking machines (robots) use wheels and tracks to cross rough terrain efficiently and in a more stable way than conventional robots. Legged walking robots in particular remain in a discontinuous contact with the ground that provides them with the capability to select routes to avoid obstacles or holes. This article reports a study conducted on kinematic modelling and analysis of a walking machine (robot) leg mechanism that can operate on rough terrain. Its kinematic mechanisms were analyzed using the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) convention approach. Symbolic computations are also implemented to parametrically optimize the motion parameters of the robot leg mechanism. The equation of motion was derived from the dynamic analysis using the Euler-Lagrange method which involves kinetic and potential energy expressions. In order to validate the performance of the robot leg mechanism and motion behaviors, the kinematic motion analysis was performed in SolidWorks and MATLAB. The leg mechanism used is effective for rough terrain areas because it is capable of walking on the terrain with different amplitudes in terms of surface roughness and aerodynamics.

Solution of a dynamic system is commonly demanding when analytical approaches are used. In order to solve numerically, describing the motion dynamics using differential equations is becoming indispensable. In this article, Newton's second law of motion is used to derive the equation of motion the governing equation of the dynamic system. A quarter model of the suspension system of a car is used as a case and sinusoidal road profile input was considered for modeling. The state space representation was used to reduce the second order differential equation of the dynamic system of suspension model to the first order differential equation. Among the available numerical methods to solve differential equations, Euler method has been employed and the differential equation is coded MATLAB. The numerical result of the second degree of freedom, quarter suspension system demonstrated that the approach of using numerical solution to a differential equation of dynamic system is suitable to easily simulate and visualize the system performance.

A walking machine (robot) is a type of locomotion that operates by means of legs and/or wheels on rough terrain or flat surface. The performance of legged machines is greater than wheeled or tracked walking machines on an unstructured terrain. These types of machines are used for data collections in a variety of areas such as large agricultural sector, dangerous and rescue areas for a human. The leg mechanism of a walking machine has a different joint in which a number of motors are used to actuate all degrees of freedom of the legs. In the synthesis of walking machine reported in this article, the leg mechanism is developed using integration of linkages to reduce the complexity of the design and it enables the robot to walk on a rough terrain. The dimensional synthesis is carried out analytically to develop a parametric equation and the geometry of the developed leg mechanism is modelled. The mechanism used is found effective for rough terrain areas because it is capable to walk on terrain of different amplitudes due to surface roughness and aerodynamics.