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Rechargeable batteries such as Redox Flow, which are not aged by frequent charging and discharging, have a quick response equivalent to SMES and outstanding function during overload. The battery efficiency increases when the cycle period of charging/discharging becomes shorter. In addition to leveling load, the battery is advantageous for secondary control in the power system and maintenance of power quality of distributed power resources. In this paper, we study the control performance of RF battery systems in its application to LFC. Using dynamic simulation, we show that the LFC capacity of RF battery systems is ten times that of fossil power systems due to quick response characteristics .

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Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is being decentralized and introduced on various scales in electric power systems that are expanding over wider areas. To understand the effect of PV power generation on these electric power systems (in areas ranging from power generation operation and control to voltage management of the distribution system), areal solar irradiance must be estimated for a target area, particularly, for the position and surface area that correspond to the PV power generation equipment location. By applying spatiotemporal kriging and covariance analysis to observed solar irradiance time series (obtained from sparsely distributed solar irradiance meters), we developed a technique that determines areal solar irradiance for an arbitrary location and surface area to estimate its surficial distribution. The weather conditions under which the spatiotemporal kriging technique can be applied were clarified using solar irradiance and meteorological observations during a one-year period at 25 observation points in the Kansai area.Index Terms-Covariance, dependence on weather conditions, photovoltaic generation, spatial averaging effect, spatiotemporal kriging.