The digital economy is a worldwide network of economic activity, commercial operations, and professional interactions, which are ensured by the implementation of information and communication technologies. Ukraine, in the process of integration into the world community, does not stand aside from global transformations and is also experiencing a digital transformation based on the introduction of digital technologies for business transformation. This is achieved by replacing manual (non-digital) processes with digital ones or replacing outdated digital technology with updated digital technology. The digital economy reflects the transition from the third industrial revolution to the fourth industrial revolution. That is why the purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the features of the use of information and communication technologies by enterprises of the European Union and Ukraine, as a key aspect of the digital transformation of business and the development of the digital economy. This article presents statistical data on several different aspects of the development of the digital economy of the European Union and Ukraine. It has been established that the basis of the digital economy is hyper-connection with enterprises’ use of the Internet. In particular, a comparative analysis of statistical data on the use of the Internet by enterprises was carried out, in particular, the availability of access to it, since the use of other more advanced technologies at enterprises often depends on high Internet speed. The functional capabilities of enterprise websites were studied and it was found that Ukrainian enterprises need to intensify their activities in the online environment by improving the operation of websites. E-business integration means the use of information and communication technologies by enterprises to launch, integrate and improve their business processes, internal information exchange, or communication with business partners and customers. The study also reflects the implementation of some advanced technologies in enterprises of the European Union and Ukraine, namely cloud computing. It was established that the share of the number of enterprises in Ukraine buying cloud computing services, by types of cloud computing services with distribution by the number of employed workers, is quite small compared to enterprises of the EU region. In general, Ukrainian enterprises are significantly behind the level of technological development and implementation of information and communication technologies compared to European ones. Prospects for research in this direction include a detailed comparative analysis of the implementation of some advanced technologies, such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence by EU and Ukrainian enterprises, as well as the impact of their implementation on increasing the turnover of Internet trade enterprises.

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У статті розкрито особливості розвитку інтернет-торгівлі товарами, проведено порівняльну характеристику окремих аспектів традиційної торгівлі та інтернет-торгівлі у сучасному стані. Охарактеризовано основні риси інтернет-торгівлі та традиційної торгівлі товарами. Висвітлено основні переваги та недоліки, що отримують підприємства за рахунок впровадження електронної торгівлі як окремого виду електронної комерції. Наведено та проаналізовано ознаки, що відрізняють інтернет-торгівлею та традиційну торгівлю. Доведено, що відповідно до досліджень поведінки українських споживачів на ринку традиційна торгівля, як і раніше, домінує над інтернет-торгівлею, але частка останніх має значну тенденцію до росту.

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The technological units of electric arc steel remelting are among the most energy-intensive consumers for whom the problem of energy saving is extremely urgent. The proposed reconstruction of the electric-arc steel furnace is aimed at reducing the amount of electricity consumption. The feasibility study makes it possible to assess the technical and economic parameters of project of an electric-arc steel furnace reconstruction. The simulation results of the reconstructed electric furnace showed that due to the optimal placement of electric arcs in the electric furnace space, the duration of the metal melting stage can be reduced by approximately 19 min. Cost-effectiveness calculations for the implementation of the innovative solution showed that reducing the duration of steel remelting in a reconstructed furnace reduces the electricity consumption by approximately 28% per process. The article takes into account only the reduction of electricity consumption, but does not take into account the possibility of improving the productivity of the furnace by increasing the number of technological processes per shift. References 7, figures 3, table 1.