Phosphorus and zinc effects on pearl millet variety 'ABV-04' during the rainy season (Kharif) of 2021 were studied in field experiments with nine treatments, i.e., P at 30, 40, 50 kg/ha and Zn at 5, 15 and 25 kg/ha respectively, at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, SHUATS, Prayagraj, India (U.P). The treatments comprised T1 – 30 kg P/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha, T2 – 30 kg P/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha, T3 – 30 kg P/ha + 25 kg Zn/ha, T4 – 40 kg P/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha, T5 – 40 kg P/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha, T6 – 40 kg P/ha + 25 kg Zn/ha, T7 – 50 kg P/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha, T8- 50 kg P/ha + 15 kg Zn/ha, T9 – 50 kg P/ha + 25 kg Zn/ha. Results revealed that the application of 50 kg P + 25 kg Zn recorded highest ear head length (18.90 cm), maximum grain production (2.66 t/ha), maximum stover yield (3.90 t/ha), highest gross and net returns of (1,33,667.00₹) and (92,861.00₹), respectively. b.c ratio (2.26) was also found.

Background: Sesame plants thrive in hot, dry weather. It is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds. The oil content of the seed is inversely proportional to its protein content. Most commercial cultivars of sesame are intolerant of water-logging. The objective of the present experiment was to analyze the influence of spacing and application of zinc using foliar method on growth, yield and economics of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) during kharif season of 2021. The experiment was designed with varying combination of spacing and zinc using the Randomized Block Design which produced nine treatments with three replicates each. The treartment combinations are  T1 – 25 cm X 15 cm + 0.25% ZnSO4, T2 – 25 cm X 15 cm + 0.50% ZnSO4, T3- 25 cm X 15 cm + 0.75% ZnSO4, T4- 35 cm X 15 cm + 0.25% ZnSO4, T5 – 35 cm X 15 cm + 0.50% ZnSO4, T6 – 35 cm X 15 cm + 0.75% ZnSO4, T7- 40 cm X 10 cm + 0.25% ZnSO4, T8- 40 cm X 10 cm + 0.50% ZnSO4, T9 – 40 cm X 10 cm + 0.75% ZnSO4.  The combination, T9 with spacing 40 X 10 cm and 0.75% ZnSo4 recorded maximum number of capsules per plant (54.60), number of seeds per capsule (60.50), seed yield (1.20 t/ha), harvest index (31.89 %). The application of treatment T9 40 cm X 10 cm + 0.75% ZnSO4  recorded higher net return (52,016.00 INR/ha), gross return (78,217.00 INR/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.99) as well. Conclusion: 40 cm X 10 cm + ZnSo4 – 0.75 %, had the highest results for yield characteristics such has grain yield (1.20 t/ha), gross return (78,217.00 INR/ha), net return (52,016.00 INR/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.99).

The subject test changed into performed all through the Kharif season (2021) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The dirt of the trial plot changed into sandy loamy in surface, practically unbiased in soil response (pH 7.1), low in regular carbon (0.36%), to be had N (171.48 kg/ha), to be had P (15.2 kg/ha) and to be had K (232.5kg/ha). The treatments comprised of phosphorus (40,50 and 60 kg/ha) and seed treatment (Dry seed, Hydro priming, and KCl) Viz., whose effect is found on the unpracticed gram (var. SAMRAT). The study used a Randomized Block Design, with 10 treatments that were replicated three times. Results showed that  application of 60kg/ha phosphorus + 1% KCl exhibited the tallest plants (38.46cm), the highest number of branches (4.48), plant dry weight g (5.44), number of pods  per plant (17.07), seeds per pod (9.41), test weight (37.80g), grain yield (2.05 t/ha), stover yield (5.15 t/ha) and harvest index (32.30%). As a result, the application of 60kg/ha phosphorus + KCl (1%) can be most productive and cost effective.

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022-23 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of bio-fertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of Toria. The treatments consist of Bio-fertilizers like Azotobacter – (20g/kg seeds), PSB – (20g/kg seeds), Azotobacter – (10g/kg seeds) + PSB – (10g/kg seeds) and Phosphorus 30, 40, 50 kg/ha. There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%) available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha) and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher plant height (124.54 cm), higher plant dry weight (25.01 g/plant), higher number of branches 11.71), higher number of siliqua (232.53 cm), higher seeds/siliqua (20.60), higher test weight (3.92 gm), higher grain yield (20.6 q/ha) and higher stover yield (3.70 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Azotobacter - (10g/kg seeds) + PSB - (10g/kg seeds) + Phosphorus - 50kg/ha.

A research trail was conducted during Zaid season (2022) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). To study the effect of spacing and manganese on the growth and yield of sesame. The Treatments consist of 3 levels of spacing (30 ×10 cm, 40×10 cm, 50 ×10 cm)and three levels of manganese (1.5,3.0,4.5kg/ha) are included respectively.  The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The results showed that spacing of 50×10cm+ Mnso4 4.5kg/ha (Treatment-9) Plant height (87.66 cm), Number of branches/plant (6.27), plant dry weight (15.74 g/plant), number of capsules per plant (52.47), number of seeds per capsules  (74.50), test weight (3.37 g), seed yield (1.19 t/ha), straw yield (2.67 t/ha) and Biological yield (3.6t/ha).