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The northern region of Thailand which consists of the Ping, Wang, Yom, and Nan river basins has potential for small hydropower development. The Ping and Wang River Basins are used as case studies. Apart from technical aspects such as electricity generation, engineering and economic aspects, the socio-economics, environment, law and regulation, and stakeholder involvement aspects are also taking into consideration. There are 64 potential projects in the Ping River Basin. The overall electricity potential is about 211 MW with annual power generation of about 720 GWh. For the Wang River Basin, there are 19 potential projects with about 6 MW and an annual power generation of about 30 GWh. However, most of these potential projects are located in forested areas with legal limitations. The various types of forests can result in different levels of legal obstacles. Therefore, the procedure required for permission is varied and is dependent on both the desired development and the forest in question. The laws and regulations related to project development in forested areas are reviewed and are summarized on a case by case basis in a way that is easily understood and accessible for others to use as a reference for other areas. The suggestions for policy adjustments with environmental friendly consideration are also discussed.

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