A concise state-of-the-art survey of fiber-reinforced polymer ͑also known as fiber-reinforced plastic͒ composites for construction applications in civil engineering is presented. The paper is organized into separate sections on structural shapes, bridge decks, internal reinforcements, externally bonded reinforcements, and standards and codes. Each section includes a historical review, the current state of the art, and future challenges.

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Textile reinforced mortars (TRM), also known in the international literature as textile reinforced concrete (TRC) or fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) materials, have been widely studied during the last two decades as they constitute a promising alternative to the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofitting solution for strengthening of reinforced concrete members. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the strengthening of concrete structures with TRM. First, the tensile and bond behavior of TRM is described. Next, an overview of studies on the use of TRM for flexural, shear, confinement, and seismic retrofitting of concrete or RC members is included, and the key parameters are investigated.

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