AIM:To determine the behavior of IOP in different age groups among normal populations after water drinking test for a period of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This is a prospective study involving normal healthy individual taken from different age groups 20-50 years,with no relevant past medical and surgical history. Patients were instructed to drink 1Litre of water over a period of 5-10minutes after 8 hours of overnight fasting and the IOP was checked before drinking water and every 15minutes for 1 hour period followed by 2 hours after drinking water using schiotz tonometer.The difference in baseline IOP and IOP at 1 hour and 2 hour was evaluated among different age groups . RESULT: 100 patients from the age groups 20-50 years were studied .The mean baseline IOP was in the range of 12.4mmHg and the mean IOP after 1 hour was 15.3mmHg.A difference of 4-4.5 mmHg were noted in the age group of 40- 50 years .The IOP was gradually decreasing to 12.78mmHg over a period of 2 hours after WDT. CONCLUSION: The higher age group the more the rise in the IOP after WDT which concludes that as the age increases drinking litres of water over a few minutes will substantially increase the IOP,which might damage the optic nerve.

AIM – To assess the tear film stability and the tear drainage in dysfunctional uterine bleeding women. MATERIALS AND METHODS : A randomised study of 50 women of fertile age and with irregular menstrual cycles for a period of 1 year were enrolled in this study. Tear production was evaluated with Schirmer I and II test, tear stability with tear breakup time, tear film meniscus, ocular surface stained with lissamine green and Meibomian gland count assessed. Tear drainage was assessed using Jones dye test. The data values of Schirmer's test 1 and 2 , TBUT and Jo RESULTS : nes dye test were found to be normal in all the patients. As the patients were tested randomly in different phases of their disrupted cycles, the differences in their tear film stability and production could not be commented. The fin CONCLUSION: dings of our study show that Meibomian glands exhibit a cyclic change in normal menstrual cycle whereas in irregular menstrual cycles, no changes were found in tear film production and drainage as women were in their different phases of irregular menstrual cycle

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To study the distribution of ocular perfusion pressure in hypertensive patients and its relationship in development of openangle glaucoma. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 200 subjects who were above 40 years of age diagnosed with essential hypertension by a physician were selected irrespective of their treatment status. Intraocular pressure was measured with Goldman applanation tonometry. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded with sphygmomanometer. Optic disc evaluation was done using +90D lens. Mean Ocular Perfusion Pressure (MOPP) was calculated using the standardised formula: [Mean Ocular Perfusion Pressure (MOPP) = 2/3 (Mean Arterial Pressure)-IOP] where Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) = diastolic BP (DBP) + 1/3 systolic BP-diastolic BP (SBP-DBP). The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is identified as the pulse pressure. ANALYSIS The association between MOPP and open angle glaucoma was analysed using Odds ratio in which the risk was higher in lowest quartile (Q1) [OR-1.9200] than in higher quartile (Q4) [OR-1.00]. CONCLUSION Subjects with low ocular perfusion pressure due to increased IOP (or) decreased BP are more likely to develop open angle glaucoma providing further evidence in vascular pathogenesis.

BACKGROUNDManual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) is a well-known technique of cataract surgery owing to its advantage of a selfsealing suture less incision with least surgically induced astigmatism at a low cost. It is a safe, simple, consistent, stable and cost-effective technique with various modifications that involve site, size, type of incision and method of nucleus delivery. One such modification is Temporal Incision MSICS, where the cataract surgery is done by a temporal approach, which is equally good compared to the superior incision. This study was done retrospectively to analyse the visual outcome of patients operated by Manual SICS -Temporal Approach, using the WHO criteria and to establish its efficacy as a good surgical technique.