Mental health represents a fundamental condition for the future of university students. However, studies have pointed to a large increase in mental disorders among Brazilian engineering students. From this theme, this article aimed to analyze the development of anxiety and depression disorders among engineering students in Brazil, reasons that cause the course to drop out and the role of the university psychologist. This article deals with an exploratory bibliographic review research. This type of research aims to enable greater connection with the problem, with a view to making it more understanding. For the bibliographic review of this article, scientific articles found in the databases were used as Google Scholar, Scielo, SCOPUS and PsycInfo, with timeline between 1997 and 2021 aided by the keywords: anxiety, mental health, university, engineering. For the choice of articles, titles, conclusions and abstracts were initially read in advance. Then, the selected articles were read completely in the first stage, analyzing the quality of the journal, the publication period and the conclusions obtained according to the objectives of this article. Finally, this study revealed aspects related to anxiety and depression disorders among engineering students in Brazil, such as the impacts caused on academic performance and quality of life. Therefore, educational institutions need to present strategies for coping with this reality.