The Stoma Quality of Life Scale demonstrates reasonable psychometric properties for measuring quality of life in patients with stomas. Further studies are needed to refine the instrument.
Miami J and Philadelphia collars restricted CROM to the greatest extent. Miami J and Miami J/Occian back had the lowest levels of mandibular and occipital pressure; these collars may markedly reduce the risk of occipital pressure ulcers without compromising immobilization.
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