Moreover, we provided an update geographic range map and modelled the potential distribution of this species based on the new records, literature, and museum-based data from "Coleção de Anfíbios Célio F. B. Haddad (CFBH)", and "Museu de Zoologia Adão José Cardoso", Universidade Estadual de Campinas (ZUEC). We choose these scientific collections due to their well-organized database with an excellent rate of sampling in the studied area, and due to our logistical constraints to sample other scientific collections. However, we are aware of the records equally relevant from other scientific collections (e.g., MNRJ) and which are absent of our data. On 16 December 2011, around 22:00 h during a fieldwork in a private ownership, at municipality of Itanhaém, southern coast of São Paulo state (24°11′1.9″ S, 46°51′44.2″ W; 20 m a.s.l.), we found three males (mean Chiasmocleis is the most species-rich genera of Microhylidae with 29 assigned species, being widely distributed throughout the Neotropical region (Cruz et al. 1997; Frost 2014). In the South America, Chiasmocleis species are associated with the Amazon Forest, open areas of Brazilian savannas, the Chaco region, including Bolivia and Paraguay, and throughout the Atlantic Forest (Caramaschi and Cruz 1997; Frost 2014). Currently, eleven species of Chiasmocleis are assigned to the Atlantic Forest (Frost 2014), including the central humming frog C. carvalhoi. Chiasmocleis carvalhoi (Figure 1) is a small sized species (SVL 15.0-22.0 mm) and is diagnosed by: hands and feet not webbed, finely marbled belly, and smaller size than other Atlantic Forest Chiasmocleis species (maximum SVL = 18.3 mm in males and 22.5 mm in females; see Cruz et al. 1997) described from municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro state (Cruz et al. 1997). Chiasmocleis carvalhoi lives on the leaf-litter of lowland Atlantic Forest (up to 40 m above sea level (a.s.l.)), breeding after heavy rains as an explosive breeder (Cruz et al. 1997). Males can be found calling on the edges or floating in the earlyformed temporary ponds inside the forest (Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva 2001; Pimenta and Peixoto 2004; Wogel et al. 2004). Pimenta et al. (2002) provided the first record from Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. Recently, records from Espírito Santo state were provided (Almeida et al. 2011), filling a gap between seemly disjoint populations of this species (Pimenta and Peixoto 2004). The known southward limit of its distribution is the Ubatuba municipality on the northern coast of São Paulo State (Hartmann et al. 2002). Herein, we report new records for Chiasmocleis carvalhoi from southern regions of São Paulo state.
