This text aims to present the methodology of study of land-use conflicts performed in recent years by a multidisciplinary team, and to reveal the methods of survey and data collection, as well as the structure of the resulting database. We first define the scope of our study by providing a definition of these conflicts, of their characteristics and motives, of the ways they manifest themselves and of the actors involved (I). We then present the methodology we have used to identify conflicts; it is based on a spatial analysis and the combined use of different data collection methods including surveys conducted by experts, analyses of the regional daily press and of data from the administrative litigation courts (II). Finally we present the resulting Conflicts © data base, with its tables and nomenclatures, in which the data collected in different fields are reconciled and analyzed (III), before providing a few examples of how this method can be used to analyze case studies in developed and developing countries (IV).Jel codesD74; C83; K41

The article focuses on the relationship between technological and organizational innovation, and territories. This relationship is connected to interactions between learning processes, institutions and spatial patterns of innovative activities. Starting from a conception of the economy as a learning and evolutionary process instead of a static allocative mechanism, we analyse the role of several types of proximity in innovative processes. If one considers innovation as a problem-solving oriented process, it may be analysed as grounded on non-market inter-actions, and knowledge-based. The article shows how geographical, organizational and institutional proximities relate to the operation of localized innovation systems. The institutional framework is of particular importance in this context owing to the fact that such innovation systems are grounded on collective action at a territorial level and rely upon shared patterns of behavioural and cognitive rules. The analysis of institutional proximity raises the problems of the embeddedness of interrelations between actors in a territorial framework, and the transferability of tacit knowledge. This framework is extended to the analysis of spatial patterns in the emergence and diffusion of industrial models. In our conception, the emergence of an industrial model has territorial foundations, but it is also dependent upon an institutional learning process. However, once stabilized and diffused, its relation to geography and territories evolves and transforms. We illustrate this analysis by referring to the emergence and diffusion of industrial models in the automobile industry. Finally, the framework is used to analyse the spatial effects of organizational changes in product development. These changes are both institutional and technological.

Cet article a pour objet de présenter le travail réalisé depuis quelques années par une équipe pluridisciplinaire sur la question des conflits d’usage de l’espace et de révéler la méthodologie d’enquête et de collecte de données, ainsi que la structure de la base de données qui en est issue. Dans un premier temps nous procédons à une définition du champ des investigations, en donnant une définition de ces conflits, de leurs caractéristiques, des mobiles et des manifestations de la conflictualité, ainsi que des acteurs impliqués. Nous exposons ensuite notre méthode de repérage des conflits, fondée sur un diagnostic de zone et la mise en commun de différentes méthodes de recueil de données dont les entretiens à dire d’experts, l’analyse de la Presse Quotidienne Régionale et le traitement des sources du contentieux juridique. Nous présentons enfin la base de données Conflits©, avec ses tables et nomenclatures, qui réconcilie et raisonne les données recueillies sur différents terrains, avant de fournir quelques exemples de l’utilisation de notre méthode sur le cas de la Région Ile de France.