Caffeine is a naturally occurring substance that is widely consumed in a variety of forms. It produces multiple physiologic effects throughout the body. It is thought that this is mediated mainly through action at centrally located adenosine receptors. Caffeine has been studied for its potential use as an ergogenic aid. Several studies have demonstrated an improvement in exercise performance in submaximal endurance activities. Its potential ergogenic effect in acute, high-intensity exercise is less clear. Because of its potential use as an ergogenic aid, it use in sports is regulated by most sanctioning bodies.

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Rearfoot directed mean anterior-posterior COPP locations and greater plantar force magnitudes/body weight suggests that subjects with genu varus or genu valgus relied more on the subtalar and midtarsal joint control function of the ankle plantar flexor muscle group for lower extremity dynamic postural control.

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