Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MYD88) gene polymorphisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) through altered immunoregulatory and inflammatory responses. A candidate-gene association study was conducted to investigate the association between TLR9 À1237T4C, TLR9 2848A4G, MYD88 À938C4A and MYD88 1944C4G gene polymorphisms and the risk for HL. The impact of haplotypes was also examined. The study showed that carriership for À1237C and 2848A was associated with an increased risk for HL (odds ratio (OR)¼2.53 (1.36-4.71) and OR¼6.20 (1.3-28.8)). The MYD88 polymorphisms produced nonsignificant results. The estimated frequencies of the TLR9/1237C-2848A and MYD88/938C-1944G haplotypes were also significantly different between HL and controls (Po0.01). In addition, a significant difference between HL and controls was observed for the TLR9/1237C-TLR9/ 2848A-MYD88/938C-MYD88/1944C haplotypes (Po0.01). In conclusion, our study showed that TLR polymorphisms, and TLR9 and MYD88 haplotypes are related to the development of HL.

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A case of a female patient with local and systemic complications of metallosis, following catastrophic wear of a revised hip arthroplasty, is presented. The patient had a history of a fractured ceramic-on-ceramic implant, exchanged with a metal-on-polyethylene prosthesis. Systemic complications included sarcoidosis-like reactions, presenting as granulomatous lung disease, along with chorioretinitis, erythema nodosum, and cardiomyopathy. High local and circulating cobalt and chromium levels established the diagnosis. The patient underwent extensive debridement and implant revision. One year postoperatively, she had no respiratory symptoms or functional impairment. Local and systemic complications of metallosis after hip arthroplasty should be promptly recognized and treated operatively.

We report the first case of a juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the epididymis in a young man. Clinical and histological findings are presented and the clinical significance of the case is discussed.

Amyloidosis is the extracellular fibril deposition of a variety of proteins, many of which circulate as plasma ingredients. It is a disease difficult to identify due to its nonspecific symptoms and manifestations. Amyloidosis of the tongue, either isolated or part of the systemic disease, is rare and its features resemble those of a tumor. We report the case of a patient with amyloidosis who presented with a tongue lesion, weakness, nonspecific arthritis, and dyspnea on exertion that resulted in multiorgan system failure.