9 10 Very young animals develop life skills as they mature, and for social animals this 11 includes the acquisition of social abilities such as communication. Many animals exhibit 12 changeable patterns of social behavior based on development, and social experience during the 13 juvenile period can be vital for the development of necessary social behaviors in adulthood. We 14 investigated the development of a distinctive tactile interaction behavior in Corydoras aeneus, 15 the Bronze Cory catfish. Adults use this behavior to coordinate group activities during foraging 16 and flight responses from predators, and the development of this behavior in larvae is of interest 17 in investigating how communication and social behaviors develop as an individual matures, and 18which factors affect their development. We found that larvae respond to applied tactile 19 stimulation with a flight response far less often as larvae matured, implying that larvae become 20 less sensitive to tactile stimulation with age. Given that adults frequently interact with one 21 another tactilely, this development is consistent with developing appropriate social behavior in 22 adulthood. We also found that social exposure affects the development of the larval response to 23 tactile interactions with conspecifics, and that isolation in the earliest larval stage leads to a 24 greater likelihood of responding to a tactile interaction with a conspecific with a flight response. 25This suggests that social exposure is important for developing an appropriate response to tactile 26 stimulation in social settings and underscores the particular importance of early life experiences 27 in the development of sociality. 28

Many social animals acquire social behaviours during development, and social experience during development can be vital for acquiring necessary social behaviours in adulthood. We investigated the development of a distinctive tactile interaction behaviour in Bronze Cory catfish, in which adults interact with one another tactilely during foraging and during group responses to threats. We found that larvae respond to applied tactile stimulation with a flight response significantly less often as larvae matured. This habituation to tactile stimulation is consistent with developing appropriate adult social behaviour. We also found that social exposure affects the larval response to tactile interactions with conspecifics, and that isolation in early life leads to a greater likelihood of responding to tactile interactions with conspecifics with a flight response. This suggests that social exposure is important for developing social tactile interaction behaviour and underscores the particular importance of early experience in social development.