Introduction Neuromuscular ultrasound is a painless, radiation-free, and high-resolution imaging modality for assessment of the peripheral nervous system. The purpose of this study was to use neuromuscular ultrasound to assess the changes that occur in the median nerve following steroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods Ultrasound and nerve conduction studies were performed at baseline and 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after steroid injection in 19 individuals (29 wrists) with CTS. Results Significant changes were noted in median nerve cross-sectional area (p<0.001), mobility (p=0.001), and vascularity (p=0.042) at the distal wrist crease following steroid injection, and the nerve cross-sectional area correlated with symptom score and electrodiagnostic parameters. Changes in the ultrasonographic parameters were seen within one week of injection. Discussion These findings suggest neuromuscular ultrasound is potentially helpful for the assessment of individuals undergoing treatment for CTS, as typical changes can be expected following successful treatment.

Bone tumours around the elbow are rare. Even nowadays diagnostic dilemmas and delays are common. During recent decades the management and prognosis of patients with elbow bone tumours has improved significantly. Benign tumours can be treated using minimally invasive procedures, whereas malignant ones require a multidisciplinary team approach based on an adjuvant therapeutic regimen of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and limb salvage procedures. This article reviews the most commonly encountered elbow bone tumours and their management. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:133-142. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180086

Ewing's sarcoma is extremely rare in the foot. Below the knee amputation is indicated for most primary malignant bone tumors of the hindfoot, with few cases of successful limb salvage surgery having been reported. The use of 3-dimensional printed implants may successfully address reconstruction challenges after tumor resection. The authors present a case of a 30-year-old woman with a Ewing's sarcoma of the talus who underwent total talectomy and replacement of the entire talus with a custom-made 3-dimensional printed talar prosthesis. [ Orthopedics . 2019; 42(4):e405–e409.]

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Early diagnosis and surgical treatment with careful dissection of the ulnar nerve branches within the canal is very important. Adequate exposure is usually required to repair the nerve in the Guyon canal. Nerve grafting in this level could give analogous results as the end-to-end repair.