This research aims to analyse the risk of production, price and income in the business of shallot hatchery in Medan Marelan district, Medan City. The study was carried out on 30 farmers who carried out hatchery cultivation in Medan Marelan district. The research method used to measure the risk of production, price and income uses variety, the standard deviation of the coefficient of variation (K V), and the lower limit of the highest yield. The results showed that the production risk was 0.23, price risk was 0.06 and income risk was 0.33. Production risk is caused by pests, diseases, and erratic weather. Price risk is caused by fluctuating prices. Income risk is caused by the amount of production, fluctuating prices, large farming costs and lack of market demand. The highest risk is income risk, followed by production risk and price risk.

Lebah madu menghasilkan madu yang bersumber dari nektar sewaktu musim tumbuhan berbunga. Lebah mengubah nektar menjadi madu, melalui proses perubahan sukrosamenjadi fruktosa dan glukosa. Desa Sumberejo adalah desa penghasil komoditi pangan (padi, kedelai, jagung) yang cukup luas. sehingga nektar (pakan lebah) yang akan dihasilkan pun juga akan sangat banyak. Petani Desa Sumberejo selain diuntungkan dari segi penyerbukan secara tidak langsung oleh adanya lebah, petani juga akan memperoleh banyak madu alami. Madu alami dapat dijual secara eceran atau ke perusahaan-perusahaan yang membutuhkan bahan baku madu alami. Budidaya lebah madu dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Budidaya ternak madu merupakan teknologi budidaya sederhana yang mudah dikuasai dan diterima petani serta berbiaya relatif murah sesuai keterbatasan rumah tangga petani. Produk budidaya ini dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani.

Shrimp is an important export commodity in North Sumatra. Demand for shrimp will continue to increase with the increasing need for consumption and industrial needs such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The difference in prices at the farmer level with market prices and export prices, and fluctuations of price are faced by shrimp farmers. The objectives of the research are to examine the marketing channel, marketing function, marketing costs, marketing margin, share margin, price spread and the obstacles faced in marketing. The research area is determined purposively in Sicanang Village. The sampling method used is a census, with 37 sample size. Quantitative and qualitative analysis are used to analysis. The results showed that there are 3 marketing channels in the area, and farmers perform 6 marketing functions, while collector traders and retailers perform 8 marketing functions. There is a difference in price and share margin in each channel. Price in channel I is highest while share margin of farmers in channel III is highest. The lack of seed fires and infrastructure, unorganized cooperatives, wet weather during the rainy season, waste from Electric Steam Power Plant Industry, the fluctuation of selling price are the obstacles faced in the research area.

Aquaculture is the activity of maintaining and harvesting fish production in a controlled environment. The method for cultivating fish in each region varies based on the conditions in the area. The way to cultivate it will affect the production results that will be obtained. This study aims to analyse the factors that influence the results of tilapia pond production in the research area. Cobb-Douglass function analysis is a data analysis meth od used in this study. This study shows that the number of seeds, feed, labour, maintenance time simultaneously has a significant effect on tilapia production in the study area. But the number of seeds only partially has a significant effect on tilapia production in the study area, while the factors of feeding, labour, and maintenance time do not have a significant effect.

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